Characterizing categories of algebras (Q800476)

Any adjoint situation \({\mathcal K}\rightleftarrows^{G}_{F}{\mathcal S}\) over sets determines a monad \(M=<T,G(p_{F(A)}),j_ A)\) over sets where \(T=GF\), and unique comparison functors \({\mathcal S}_ T\to {\mathcal K}\to {\mathcal S}^ T\) from the Kleisli category \({\mathcal S}_ T\) to \({\mathcal K}\) and from \({\mathcal K}\) to the Eilenberg-Moore category \({\mathcal S}^ T\) of T- algebras. A variety is a category isomorphic to \({\mathcal S}^ T\) for some monad M over sets. Any subcategory \({\mathcal K}\) of a variety \({\mathcal A}\cong {\mathcal S}^ T\) if free-closed if it contains an isomorphic copy \({\mathcal F}({\mathcal K})\) of \({\mathcal S}_ T\). In this case \({\mathcal A}\) is called the varietal hull of \({\mathcal K}\) and \({\mathcal F}({\mathcal K})\) its free kernel. It is proved: For any category \({\mathcal K}\), the following are equivalent: (1) \({\mathcal K}\) is isomorphic to a free-closed subcategory of a variety; (2) there is a generator with sums in \({\mathcal K}\); (3) there is an adjoint situation of \({\mathcal K}\) over \({\mathcal S}\) with epimorphic presentations. A necessary and sufficient condition that an arbitrary category \({\mathcal K}\) is isomorphic to a free-closed subcategory of a variety of finitary algebraic structures of similar type is that \({\mathcal K}\) has a projectively finite generator P with sums. A category \({\mathcal K}\) is isomorphic to a full, free-closed and product-closed subcategory of a variety iff \({\mathcal K}\) has arbitrary products and an object P with sums which is projective only for regular epimorphisms. There are other interesting results of similar type.