Limites et fonctions d'ensemble (Q802028)

In this paper a notion of limit for numerical functions with respect to a class of sets is introduced. More precisely, let X be a nonempty set; a function \(\beta\) :\({\mathfrak P}(X)\to \{0,1\}\) is said an increasing set function if it assumes only the values 0 and 1, it is increasing, and \(\beta (\emptyset)=0\), \(\beta (X)=1\). For such a function it is possible to define \(\int fd\beta\) by \(fd\beta =\int f^+d\beta -\int f^- d\beta,\) where for a positive function g it is \(\int gd\beta =\int^{+\infty}_{0}\beta \{g>t\}dt.\) A class \({\mathfrak B}\subseteq {\mathfrak P}(X)\) is said increasing if \(1_{{\mathfrak B}}\) is an increasing set function. For such classes it is possible to define \(\lim_{{\mathfrak B}}f\) by setting \(\lim_{{\mathfrak B}}f=\sup_{A\in {\mathfrak B}}\inf_{A}f.\) A functional T:\({\bar {\mathbb{R}}}^ X\to {\bar {\mathbb{R}}}\) is said to be an integral if i) \(f\leq g\Rightarrow T(f)\leq T(g)\); ii) for every \(\phi\) :\({\bar {\mathbb{R}}}\to {\bar {\mathbb{R}}}\) continuous and increasing \(T(\phi \circ f)=\phi (T(f)).\) The following characterizations hold: a) for every increasing class \({\mathfrak B}\) we have \(\lim_{{\mathfrak B}}f=\int fd1_{{\mathfrak B}}\); b) for every integral T we have \(T(f)=\int fd\beta =\lim_{{\mathfrak B}}f\), where \(\beta (A)=T(1_ A)\) and \({\mathfrak B}=\{A:T(1_ A)=1\}\). Sections 2 and 3 of the paper are devoted to the relations between these definitions and de Giorgi's \(\Gamma\)-limits [see \textit{E. De Giorgi}: Boll. Unione Mat. Ital., V Ser., A 14, 213-220 (1977; Zbl 0389.49008)]. In section 4 many examples are presented.