A pair of nonisomorphic \(\equiv _{\infty \lambda}\) models of power \(\lambda\) for \(\lambda\) singular with \(\lambda ^{\omega}=\lambda\) (Q802542)

In this paper, Shelah produces a pair of nonisomorphic \(\equiv_{\infty \lambda}\) models of power \(\lambda\) when \(\lambda\) is singular and \(\lambda^{\omega}=\lambda\). If GCH holds, cf \(\lambda\) \(>\omega\) and \(\lambda >\omega\) imply \(\lambda^{\omega}=\lambda\). On the other hand, if cf \(\lambda\) \(=\omega\), \(M\equiv_{\infty \lambda}N\) and \(\| M\| =\| N\| =\lambda\) imply \(M\cong N\) by a result of Chang. So, under GCH, the present paper gives a full answer to the connection between \(\equiv_{\infty \lambda}\) and \(\cong\). The structures considered in this paper are trees with branches of length \(\leq \omega +1\). The paper is made up in two stages: first, the theorem is proved under the assumption that \(\lambda\) is a strong limit; then the construction is elaborated to give the full result. In the author's forthcoming paper ''On the possible number no(M). II'' there is going to appear a similar result for more \(\lambda\) 's of cofinality \(>\omega\) with a different construction of structures.