A differential criterion and formula for the inversion of a polynomial map in several variables (Q804647)

The invertibility of polynomial functions F: \(k^ n\to k^ n\), k being a field of characteristic zero, \(n\geq 1\), is of lasting interest due to the fact that the well-known Jacobian conjecture is still unproved. The authors take a detour to derive a criterion for the invertibility: Let \(F=(F_ 1,...,F_ n)\), JF be the Jacobian of F, and denote by \(k[X,Y]\) the polynomial ring over k in the variables \(X_ 1,...,X_ n\), \(Y_ 1,...,Y_ n\). For \(JF\in k^*\) polynomial functions \(F^{[k]}\) in \(k[X,Y]^ n\) are defined for every \(k\geq 1\) as follows: \(F^{[1]}(X,Y):=(JF)^{-1}(X)\cdot Y\), \(F^{[k+1]}(X,Y):=(\partial F^{[k]}(X,Y)/\partial X)\cdot F^{[1]}(X,Y)\)- ``\(\cdot ''\) denoting the usual matrix multiplication. The main theorem now says: (A) Let F be a polynomial function of degree d. Then F is invertible iff \(\det (JF)\in k^*\) and \(F^{[D+1]}=0\), where \(D=d^{n-1};\) (B) If F is invertible, then the inverse G is given by \(\sum^{D}_{k=1}(1/k!)F^{[k]}(0,Y-F(0)).\) As a consequence the Jacobian conjecture holds iff \(\det (JF)\in k^*\) implies \(F^{[D+1]}=0\).