Principal homogeneous spaces for arbitrary Hopf algebras (Q807731)

Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra over a commutative ring \(k\). The set of coinvariant elements of a right \(H\)-comodule \(N\) may be identified with the cotensor product \(N\square_ Hk\), where \(k\) is trivially a left \(H\)-comodule. If \(A\) is a right \(H\)-comodule algebra, the coinvariant elements of \(A\) form a subalgebra \(B\). If \(N\) is a right \((H,A)\)-Hopf module, then \(N\square_ Hk\) is a right \(B\)-module and a left adjoint to this functor is obtained by assigning the tensor product \(M\otimes_ BA\) to a right \(B\)-module \(M\). Dually, to a right \(H\)-module \(N\) corresponds \(\overline N=N\otimes_ Hk\), where \(k\) is a left \(H\)-module via the counit map of \(H\) into \(k\). If \(C\) is a right \(H\)-module coalgebra and a flat \(k\)-module and \(N\) is a right \((C,H)\)-Hopf module; then \(\overline C\) is a quotient coalgebra, \(\overline N\) is a right \(\overline C\)-comodule, and a right adjunct functor is obtained by assigning the cotensor product \(M\square_{\overline C}C\) to a right \(\overline C\)-comodule \(M\). These concepts were introduced by \textit{Y. Doi} [Commun. Algebra 11, 243-255 (1983; Zbl 0502.16009)], and he studied the relationships between the category of right \(B\)-modules and the category of right \((H,A)\)-Hopf modules [Commun. Algebra 13, 2137-2159 (1985; Zbl 0576.16004)] when \(H\) is a projective \(k\)-module or \(k\) is a field. The author extends somewhat the results of Doi, he provides new proofs from which dual assertions about the categories of right \(\overline C\)-comodules and right \((C,H)\)-Hopf modules are readily obtained, and he proves a normal basis theorem for right \(H\)-module coalgebras. Also the author notes that Hopf algebras provide an appropriate setting for generalizing results on affine algebraic group schemes and formal group schemes.