Essential sets of Picard principle for rotation free densities (Q807776)

The paper studies the Picard principle for the following Schrödinger equation in \(\Omega =\{0<| z| <1\}\), \(z=x+iy:\) \[ (-\Delta +P(z))u(z)=0,\quad \Delta =\frac{\partial^ 2}{\partial x^ 2}+\frac{\partial^ 2}{\partial y^ 2} \] with \(u=0\) on \(| z| =1\). The density P (\(\geq 0)\) is assumed to be locally Hölder continuous on \(0<| z| \leq 1\) and rotation free, i.e. \(P(z)=P(r)\), \(r=| z|\). Let A be a subset of the interval (0,1) defined by \[ A=\cup^{\infty}_{n=1}[a_ n,b_ n],\quad 0<b_{n+1}<a_ n<b_ n<1,\quad a_ n\to 0\quad (n\to \infty). \] The set A is called an essential set for the density P on \(\Omega\) if the Picard principle is valid for any rotation free density \(Q(z)=Q(r)\) on \(\Omega\) with \(Q(r)=O(P(r))\), \(r\in A\), \(r\to 0\). It is shown that the necessary and sufficient condition for A to be an essential set for a particular \(P(r)=r^{-2}\) is given by \(\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}(\log \frac{b_ n}{a_ n})^ 2=\infty.\) The result is proved by examination of the necessary and sufficient condition \[ \int^{1}_{0}\frac{e_ 1(r)}{r^ 2e'_ 1(r)}dr=\infty \] with \(e_ 1(z)=e_ 1(r)\), which is the solution to the problem \[ (-\Delta +P(r)+r^{-2})e_ 1(r)=0\text{ in } \Omega,\quad e_ 1(1)=1. \] Another similar result is also obtained when the density P is replaced by \(P(r)=r^{-2}(\log r)^ 2\).