Factors, roots and embeddability of measures on Lie groups (Q808372)

Let G be a locally compact group, and M(G) the space of all probability measures on G, endowed with the weak topology. For \(\lambda \in M(G)\) and \(k\in {\mathbb{N}}\), denote by \(\lambda^ k\) the n-fold convolution product of \(\lambda\) with itself. A measure \(\mu \in M(G)\) is said to be root compact if the set \(\{\lambda^ m\in M(G): \lambda^ n=\mu\) for some \(n\geq m\geq 1\}\) is contained in some compact set. The paper is mainly concerned with providing sufficient conditions for root compactness. For example, it is proved that if G is a connected Lie group with discrete center and the centralizer of the support of \(\mu\) is compact, then \(\mu\) is root compact. The motivation for studying root compactness stems from its connection with the embedding problem. A measure \(\mu \in M(G)\) is said to be embedded in a one-parameter semigroup if there exists a convolution semigroup \(\{\mu_ t\}_{t>0}\) with \(\mu_ 1=\mu\). Obviously, if \(\mu\) is such, then it is infinitely divisible; namely, for every \(n\in {\mathbb{N}}\) there exists a \(\lambda_ n\in M(G)\) such that \(\lambda^ n_ n=\mu\). On the other hand, it is known that for many groups (in particular, all Lie groups) any infinitely divisible root compact measure is embeddable; thus, any sufficient condition for root compactness yields a corresponding sufficient condition for embeddability.