A free resolution of the module of logarithmic forms of a generic arrangement (Q809147)

For a field K of characteristic zero and an \(\ell\)-dimensional K-vector space V (with dual \(V^*)\), a generic arrangement \({\mathcal A}\) is a finite family of one-codimensional subspaces of V such that \(n=\#({\mathcal A})>\ell \geq 3\) and every \(\ell\) hyperplanes of \({\mathcal A}\) intersect only at the origin. For \(S=Sym(V^*)\) and \(0\leq q\leq \ell\), let \(\Omega^ q=\Omega_ S^ q\) be the free S-module of all regular q-forms on V. For each \(H\in {\mathcal A}\) write \(H=Ker(\alpha_ H)\) for suitable \(\alpha_ H\in V^*\), and define \(Q=Q({\mathcal A})=\prod_{H\in {\mathcal A}}\alpha_ H \in S. \Omega^ q({\mathcal A}) \), the module of logarithmic q-forms with pole along \({\mathcal A}\), is defined as the S-module of (global) rational q- forms \(\omega\) on V such that \(Q\omega \in \Omega_ S^ q\) and \(Q(d\omega)\in \Omega_ S^{q+1}.\) The results of the paper can be stated as follows: For the homological dimensions \(hd_ S\Omega^ d({\mathcal A})\) one has (i) hd\({}_ S\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})=q\) (0\(\leq q\leq \ell -2)\), (ii) hd\({}_ S\Omega^{\ell - 1}({\mathcal A})=\ell -2\) and (iii) hd\({}_ S\Omega^{\ell}({\mathcal A})=0\). Furthermore, explicit minimal free resolutions of the \(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\), \(0\leq q\leq \ell\), are constructed. In particular, (ii) gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture of S. Yuzvinsky, and because \(\Omega^{\ell -1}({\mathcal A})\) may be identified with the module D(\({\mathcal A})\) of logarithmic derivations along \({\mathcal A}\), one obtains a minimal free resolution of this D(\({\mathcal A})\). Also, (ii) can be interpreted as \(depth_ SS/J=0\), where \(J=J(Q)=(\partial Q/\partial x_ 1,...,\partial Q/\partial x_{\ell})S\) is the Jacobian ideal of Q. A minimal free resolution of the factor ring S/J is also given. The proof of (i) is based on a minimal free resolution of \(\Omega^ 1({\mathcal A}):\) \(0\to F_ 1\to F_ 0\to \Omega^ 1({\mathcal A})\to 0,\) where \(F_ 0\) is free of rank \(n=\#({\mathcal A})\) and \(F_ 1\) is free of rank \(n-\ell\). Then one proves that the Fitting ideal of \(\Omega^ 1({\mathcal A})\), defined by means of the above resolution, has height \(\ell\), and this result can be used to prove that, for \(0\leq q\leq \ell - 2\), there exists a natural isomorphism \(\bigwedge^ q\Omega^ 1({\mathcal A}){\tilde \to}\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\). The minimal free resolution of \(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\), \(0\leq q\leq \ell -2\), is now given by the complex \((C^{\bullet}(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})),d))\) with \(C^ p(\Omega ({\mathcal A}))=Sym^ pF_ 1\otimes \bigwedge^{q-p}F_ 0\), \(0\leq p\leq q\), and suitable differential d and augmentation \(\epsilon\) : \(C^ 0(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A}))=\bigwedge^ qF_ 0\to \Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\). A rank argument shows that the homological dimension of \(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\) is equal to q, \(0\leq q\leq \ell -2\). For the proof of (ii) an exact sequence \[ ...\quad \to \quad \Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\quad \to \quad \Omega^{q+1}({\mathcal A})\quad \to \quad..., \] is constructed for \(0\leq q\leq \ell\). Combining with the free resolutions of \(\Omega^ q({\mathcal A})\), \(0\leq q\leq \ell -2\), leads to a minimal free resolution of \(\Omega^{\ell -1}({\mathcal A})\) with homological dimension \(\ell -2.\) With suitable adaptations, the results essentially remain valid when K has positive characteristic.