Polarized surfaces with hyperelliptic sections (Q810108)

The authors classify surfaces X with an ample and spanned line bundle \({\mathcal L}\) whose hyperelliptic locus \({\mathcal H}\) is large enough, i.e. dim(\({\mathcal H})\geq 2\), where \({\mathcal H}\) is defined as the closure of the set \(\{C\in | {\mathcal L}|\;| \;C\) smooth hyperelliptic\}. They use an argument by Castelnuovo to put together the \(g^ 1_ 2\)'s of all elements of an irreducible 2-dimensional component \({\mathcal H}_ 0\) of \({\mathcal H}\) and to express X as a double cover. If the degree \(d={\mathcal L}.{\mathcal L}\) is \(\geq 5\), the line bundle \(K_ X\otimes {\mathcal L}\) is spanned unless (X,\({\mathcal L})\) is a scroll. In the first part the authors study the case \(K_ X\otimes {\mathcal L}\) spanned and they consider the adjunction mapping \(\Phi\) defined by \(| K_ X\otimes {\mathcal L}|.\) They get the classification: (X,\({\mathcal L})\) is a conic bundle, or: There exists a morphism of degree two \(\pi: X\to Y\) on a normal surface Y, \(L=\pi^*M\) and they give the possibilities for (Y,M). To have this result the authors choose a component \({\mathcal H}_ 0\) of dimension \(\geq 2\) and for a point p of X they consider the image \(\gamma\) (p) on X of the closure \(\Gamma\) (p) of \(\{(p',C)\in X\times {\mathcal H}_ 0(p)| i_ C(p)=p'\},\) where \({\mathcal H}_ 0(p)={\mathcal H}_ 0\cap | {\mathcal L}-p|\) and \(i_ C\) is the hyperelliptic involution of C. In the second part the authors look at the case \(d\leq 4\), they use the classification of polarized surfaces of \(\Delta\)-genus \(\leq 1\) and a case by case analysis of the possibilities for the map f associated to \(| {\mathcal L}|.\) In the third part they study the case (X,\({\mathcal L})\), a conic bundle with \({\mathcal H}\neq \emptyset\), then the image \(\Phi (X)\simeq {\mathbb{P}}^ 1\) and by looking at the Stein factorization \(X\to^{\alpha}B\to^{\beta}\Phi (X)\) they get: \(\beta\) is an embedding, then X is rational, or: \(\beta\) is not an embedding, then B is elliptic or hyperelliptic and \(\beta: B\to {\mathbb{P}}^ 1\) has degree 2. In the last part the authors use these results to classify the pairs (X,E) where E is an ample and spanned rank-2 vector bundle on the surface X such that \(c_ 2(E)=2\).