The pair correlation of zeros of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions and primes in arithmetic progressions (Q810572)

Following the fundamental work of \textit{H. L. Montgomery} [Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 24, 181--193 (1973; Zbl 0268.10023)] the author considers the pair correlation function for Dirichlet \(L\)-functions to modulus q. Assume the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and let \(\omega (u)=4/(4+u^ 2)\). Define \(G_{\chi,\psi}(x,T)=2\pi \sum x^{i(\gamma_ 1-\gamma_ 2)}\omega (\gamma_ 1-\gamma_ 2),\) where \(\frac12+i\gamma_ j\) run over the zeros of \(L(s,\chi\)) and \(L(s,\psi\)) respectively for \(j=1,2\). It is then shown that \[ \sum_{\chi,\psi \pmod q}{\bar \chi}(a)\psi(a) G_{\chi,\psi}(x,T)\sim T\phi (q)\log (x) \] for any \(a\) coprime to \(q\), uniformly for \(1\leq q\leq x^{1/2}(\log x)^{-3}\) and \(q^{-1}x \log x\leq T\leq \exp (x^{1/4})\). It is conjectured that the asymptotic formula holds over a longer range. Various deductions from this conjecture are made, many being analogues of the results of the reviewer [Acta Arith. 41, 85--99 (1982; Zbl 0414.10044)] who considered the pair correlation for \(\zeta(s)\) only. For example it is now shown that if \(q\leq (\log x)\) and \((a,q)=1\), then ``almost all'' intervals \([x, x+\phi (q)f(x)\log (x)]\) contain a prime, if \(f(x)\) tends to infinity with \(x\).