High order singular rank one perturbations of a positive operator (Q814391)

In this paper, self-adjoint realizations in Hilbert and Pontryagin spaces of the formal expression \(L_{\alpha}=L+\alpha\langle\cdot,\cdot \rangle\varphi\) are discussed and compared. Here, \(L\) is a positive self-adjoint operator in a Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\) with inner product \(\langle\cdot,\cdot \rangle\varphi\), \(\alpha\) is a real parameter, and \(\varphi\) in the rank one perturbation is a singular element belonging to \(\mathcal{H}_{-n}\backslash \mathcal{H}_{-n+1}\) with \(n\geq 3\), where \(\{\mathcal{H}s\}_{s=-\infty}^{\infty}\) is the scale of Hilbert spaces associated with \(L\) in \(\mathcal{H}\). Identifying an operator with its graph, let \(L_{min}=\{(f,Lf)| f\in\mathcal{H}_{n}, \langle f,\varphi\rangle=0\}\) and \(L_{max}=L_{min}^{+}\), that is, the adjoint of \(L_{min}\) relative to Gelfand triple \(\mathcal{H}_{n-2}\hookrightarrow \mathcal{H}\hookrightarrow \mathcal{H}_{-n+2}\). The authors construct the linear space \(\mathbf{H}\), equipped with the inner product \(\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle_{\mathbf{H}}\), which is contained in \(\mathcal{H}_{-n+2}\) and only a finite-dimensional extension of \(\mathcal{H}_{n-2}\), and also a ``large enough'' space \(\mathbf{D}\subset\mathbf{H}\) such that \(\mathbf{L}_{\max}:= L_{\max}\lceil \mathbf{D} \) is closed in \(\mathbf{H}\). Then they endow the space of elements of the form \(U=(\overrightarrow{u},u);\overrightarrow{u}\in \mathbb{C}^{n-2},u\in \mathcal{H}_{n-2}\), with two kinds of inner products that leads to different spaces \(\mathcal{H}_{A}\) and \( \mathcal{H}_{B}\) with ``copies'' of \(\mathbf{L}_{\max}\). This gives rise to two kinds of self-adjoint realizations of \(L_{\alpha}\) -- in the so-called \(A\)-models and \(B\)-models [in this connection, see, respectively, \textit{P.~Kurasov} and \textit{K.~Watanabe}, CMS Conf.\ Proc.\ 29, 413--422 (2000; Zbl 0986.47023) and \textit{F.~A.\ Berezin}, Matem.\ Sborn.\ 60, 425--453 (1963; Zbl 0178.57902)].