The 3D quasigeostrophic fluid dynamics under random forcing on boundary (Q815104)

The quasigeostrophic equation (QGE) describes large scale geophysical flows. This flow model for the ocean in a three-dimensional (3D) domain is considered in the paper. This geophysical flow model has been formally derived as an approximation of the rotating three-dimensional primitive equations. It is recently known that the three-dimensional quasigeostrophic model is a valid approximation of the primitive equations in the limit of zero Rossby number. The authors have studied the 3D baroclinic quasigeostrophic flow model under random wind forcing and time-periodic fluctuations on fluid boundary; i.e., on the air-sea interface. The time-periodic fluctuations are due to periodic rotation of the earth and thus periodic exposure of the earth to the solar radiation. The authors have established the well-posedness of the baroclinic quasigeostrophic flow model in the state space (Theorem 3.10), and then they have demonstrated the existence of the random attractors (Theorem 4.8), again in the state space. The relevance of the obtained results to climate modeling is also discussed. The plan for this paper is as follows. The QGE are transformed into a random evolution equation with homogeneous and deterministic boundary conditions. The authors thus need an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process fulfilling their dynamical random or time-periodic boundary conditions. This transformation is introduced in Section 2. In Section 3 the authors investigate the coefficients of the transformed evolution equation and further obtain a global existence and uniqueness result and some regularity result. A difficult issue here is the low regularity of the above Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In Section 4, the random dynamics of the transformed QGE is studied. Based on the uniqueness result above, the transformed evolution equation generates a nonautonomous dynamical system. In addition, when this system is restricted to discrete time steps of the period of the periodic rotation of the earth, a random dynamical system is obtained. This random dynamical system has a random attractor. This result can be extended to the dynamical system on the real-time axis. The Section 5 contains the proofs. Finally, all obtained results are summarized in Section 6.