Unramified Hilbert modular forms, with examples relating to elliptic curves (Q816316)

By the Jacquet-Langlands correspondence, Hilbert modular forms on GL\(_2\) over a totally real field \(F\) of even degree are closely related to modular forms on the quaternion algebra \(B\) ramified exactly at the infinite places of \(F\). This is an old observation, used for example in Taylor's work on attaching Galois representations to Hilbert modular forms. Computationally, this was also used in the thesis of L. Dembélé (McGill University, 2002) to construct explicitly Hilbert modular forms on \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{5})\) (see also [Exp. Math. 14, 457--466 (2005; Zbl 1152.11328)]). The authors use similar techniques in this paper in the case where \(F\) has narrow class number 1 to explain how to relate cusp forms of weight \((2,\dots,2)\) with certain spaces of functions on the set of equivalence classes of ideals for a maximal order in \(B\). They then apply this correspondence to study the modularity of elliptic curves with everywhere good reduction over certain real quadratic fields. The authors carry out the necessary preliminary work in the case \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{m})\) where \(m\equiv5\text{ (mod 8)}\), and focus on one specific case, where \(F={\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{509})\), for which the space of weight \((2,2)\) Hilbert modular forms of full level is \(3\)-dimensional, with a basis of Hecke eigenforms consisting of two forms which are not base changes from \({\mathbb Q}\) (the third is a base change from \({\mathbb Q}\), and modularity of the corresponding elliptic curve follows from work of Shimura). The authors then show that the other elliptic curves with good reduction everywhere over \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{509})\) are also modular, by using the Faltings-Serre method to verify the equality of the local Galois representation on the curve at \(2\) with that of the modular forms constructed earlier.