Positivity and continuity of the Lyapunov exponent for shifts on \(\mathbb T^d\) with arbitrary frequency vector and real analytic potential (Q816482)

It is considered the \(d\)-torus \(T^d\) (\(d\geq 1\)), \(\omega\in T^d\), \(V\) being analytic on this torus. The associated quasi-periodic Schrödinger operator is \[ H_{\omega,x,\lambda}=\lambda V(x+n\omega)\delta_{nn'}+\Delta \] with \(\Delta\) the usual lattice Laplacian. For the transfer operator \(M_N(x)\in\text{SL}_2(\mathbb R)\) it is associated the Lyapunov exponent \[ L_N(x)={{1}\over {2}}\int_{T^d} \log| M_N(x)| \,dx \] The properties of this exponent are discussed, mainly positivity and continuity; several known results are shown to be deducible from the main theorem.