On a functional equation related to projections of abelian groups (Q816933)

Let \((G,+,0)\) be an abelian group, and let \(f:G\to G\) satisfy the composite functional equation \[ f(x+y+f(y))=f(x)+2f(y)\qquad(x,y\in G). \tag{1} \] A solution of (1) is always idempotent by Lemma 2.1. The main question is if (1) implies \[ f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y), \qquad f\left[f(x)\right]=f(x)\quad(x,y\in G) \tag{2} \] expressing that \(f\) is an idempotent endomorphism, i.e., a projection of \(G.\) (2) implies (1), but for abelian groups other than \(\mathbb R,\) a solution of (1) need not be additive. First, properties of the solutions of (1) are studied for arbitrary \(G.\) Then for groups of some special classes (divisible, locally cyclic, torsion free, indecomposable and finally for torsion groups) the author proves several results in which (1) together with \(f(0)=0\) implies that \(f\) is an endomorphism of \(G.\)