Sharp lower bound for the lifespan of systems of semilinear wave equations with multiple speeds (Q818034)
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English | Sharp lower bound for the lifespan of systems of semilinear wave equations with multiple speeds |
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Sharp lower bound for the lifespan of systems of semilinear wave equations with multiple speeds (English)
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23 March 2006
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The authors consider the sharp lower bound for the lifespan of the following Cauchy problem for systems of semilinear wave equations with multiple propagation speeds: \[ \begin{cases} (\partial_t^2-c_i^2\Delta)u_i=F_i (u)\bigl(= F_i(u_1,\dots,u_m)\bigr)\quad\text{for}\quad (t,x)\in(0,\infty) \times\mathbb R^3\;(1\leq i\leq m),\\ u_i(0,x)=\varepsilon f_i(x),\;\partial_tu_i (0,x)=\varepsilon g_i(x),\quad\text{for}\quad x\in\mathbb R^3\;(1\leq i\leq m),\end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(c_i(1\leq i\leq m)\) are positive constants, \(F_i (u)=\sum_{(j,k)\in R}\alpha_{ijk} u_ju_k+H_i(u)(=O(|u|^3))\) nera \(u=0\) with \(R=\{(j,k)\in\{1,\dots,m\}^2;c_j\neq c_k\}\), \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter, \(f=(f_1,\dots,f_m)\) and \(g=(g_1, \dots,g_m)\) are compactly supported and sufficiently small functions. In the case \(m=1\) and \(F(u)=|u|^{p-1}u\) or \(|u|^p\) with \(p>1\), the critical power for the global existence of a classical solution is \(1+\sqrt 2\); indeed, if \(p\leq 1+ \sqrt 2\), then there exist some initial data \((f,g)\) such that the solution blows up in finite time. On the other hand, if \(m\geq 2\), then the difference of the propagation speeds makes the critical power lower than \(1+\sqrt 2\) in some cases. Indeed, by \textit{H. Kubo} and \textit{M. Ohta} [Funkc. Ekvacioj, Ser. Int. 48, No. 1, 65--98 (2005; Zbl 1185.35135)], the existence of a global classical solution for some \((\alpha_{ijk})\) with \(\alpha_{ijk}\not\equiv 0\) and \(H_i(u)\) is proved for \(m=2\) and \(c_1\neq c_2\) although the power of the nonlinearity is \(2<1+\sqrt 2\). The existence of a global classical solution cannot be expected in general even if \(c_1\neq c_2\). Indeed, Kubo and Ohta also had in that paper the upper bound of lifespan \[ T_\varepsilon\leq\exp(C_1\varepsilon^{-3}) \] for a constant \(C_1=C_1 (f,g)\). However, this upper bound is different from \(T_\varepsilon\leq\exp (C_1 \varepsilon^{-p(p-1)})\) with \(1<p\leq 1+\sqrt 2\), which is the sharp lifespan for \(m=1\). Thus the authors were interested in the sharpness of the lifespan (2), and proved it in this paper. Precisely, the main theorem is described on the setting of the class \(X^\kappa\) \[ X^\kappa=\left\{(f,g)\in C^3(\mathbb R^3;\mathbb R^m) \times C^2(\mathbb R^3; \mathbb R^m);\sum_{|\alpha|\leq 3}\|\partial^al_xf\|_{2+\kappa}+ \sum_{| \alpha|\leq 2}\|\partial^al_xg\|_{2+\kappa}<\infty\right\} \] with \(\|\varphi\|_\rho=\sup_{x\in\mathbb R^3}(1+|x|)^\rho|\varphi(x)|\) for the initial data as follows: If \((f,g)\in X^\kappa\) with \(\kappa>1\), then there exist positive constants \(\varepsilon_0\) and \(C\) such that for any \(\varepsilon\in(0, \varepsilon_0]\) the Cauchy problem (1) has a unique classical solution on \(t\in [0,\exp(C\varepsilon^{-3}))\).
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nonlinear wave equations
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