Differential coefficients of orthogonal matrix polynomials (Q818272)

The authors are interested in the following type of formulas: given a sequence of orthogonal polynomials \(\{P_n\}\), find the coefficients \(R_n(z)\) and \(S_n(z)\) in the expression \[ P_n'(z)=R_n(z) P_{n}(z)+S_n(z) P_{n-1}(z) \] (lowering operator), or with \(P_{n-1}\) in the right hand side replaced by \(P_{n+1}\) (raising operator). This representation is not unique, and the feature of this paper is that \(P_n\)'s are matrix polynomials, which originates additional difficulties. However, explicit formulas for appropriate \(R_n\)'s and \(S_n\)'s are found in terms of \(P_n\)'s, polynomials of the second kind and the Cauchy transform of the (matrix) orthogonality measure. These formulas are new even in the scalar case. Finally, using Markov's theorem, established previously by one of the authors, an asymptotic formula involving coefficients \(S_n\) of the lowering operator is proved; for \(R_n\) an analogous result is valid only in the scalar case, fact that is related to the behavior of zeros of matrix orthogonal polynomials.