Affine frame decompositions and shift-invariant spaces (Q818336)

Let \(M \geq 2\) be a fixed integer, \(\psi \in L^2 = L^2(R)\), and \(\psi_{j,k} := M^{j/2} \psi(M^j \cdot - k)\). A finite collection \(\Psi\) of functions in \(L^2\) is said to generate a \textit{tight affine frame} of \(L^2\) (or, for convenience, \(\Psi\) is said to be a tight frame of \(L^2\)) if \(F := \{\psi_{j,k}; \psi \in \Psi, j,k \in Z\}\) is a tight frame of \(L^2\). Without essential loss of generality, it may be assumed that the frame constant equals 1. The \textit{affine frame operator \(Q_j\) on jth level}, \(j \in Z\), of such a tight frame is defined by \( Q_jf := \sum_{\psi \in \Psi}\sum_{k \in Z} \langle f, \psi_{j,k} \rangle \psi_{j,k}\), \(f \in L^2\). It follows from the tight frame representation \(f = \sum_{\psi \in \Psi}\sum_{j, k \in Z} \langle f, \psi_{j,k} \rangle \psi_{j,k}\), \(f \in L^2\), that the identity operator \(I\) on \(L^2\) can be represented as \(I = \sum_{j \in Z} Q_j\). In this paper, it is shown that the sum in this operator decomposition for \(I\) converges strongly in Sobolev spaces when the tight frame generators in \(\Psi\) satisfy some mild regularity and vanishing moment conditions. Setting \(W_j = Q_j L^2\), the above operator decomposition for \(I\) also implies that \(L^2 = \sum_{j \in Z} W_j\). If the system \(\Psi\) is an orthonormal basis of \(L^2\), then the \(W_j\) are closed in \(L^2\) and mutually orthogonal. These properties are no longer valid in general, when \(\Psi\) is a tight frame. In this paper, the authors characterize the closedness of the space \(Q_jH^{\alpha}\), where \(H^{\alpha}\) is the Sobolev space, and study the angle between different \(Q_jH^{\alpha}\). Loosely speaking, they show that there are three possible geometrical structures associated with the frame operators \(Q_j\): (i) the angles between different \(Q_jH^{\alpha}\) are always zero (or equivalently \(Q_0H^{\alpha}\) is not closed in \(L^2\), or equivalently \(\{\psi(\cdot - k): \psi \in \Psi, k \in Z\}\) is not a frame); (ii) the angles between different \(Q_jH^{\alpha}\) are always \(\pi/2\) (or equivalently both \(Q_0H^{\alpha}\) and \(\tilde{P_0}H^{\alpha}\) are closed in \(L^2\), or equivalently \(\{\psi(\cdot - k): \psi \in \Psi, k \in Z\}\) is a tight frame); (iii) the angles between different \(Q_jH^{\alpha}\) are always in the open interval \((0, \pi/2)\) (or equivalently \(Q_0H^{\alpha}\) is closed in \(L^2\), but \(\tilde{P_0}H^{\alpha}\) is not closed in \(L^2\), or equivalently \(\{\psi(\cdot - k): \psi \in \Psi, k \in Z\}\) is a frame but not a tight frame).