A family of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials on the unit ball (Q818474)

Let \(B\) be the unit ball in \(\mathbb R^d,\) \(\Delta\) be the Laplace operator. The author considers the inner product \[ \langle f,g\rangle_{\Delta}=\frac{1}{4c^2\text{vol}(B)}\int_B\Delta\left[(1-\| x\|^2)f(x)\right]\Delta\left[(1-\| x\|^2)g(x)\right]dx \] and finds explicitly an orthonormal basis for the space of polynomials of degree \(n\) which are orthogonal to all polynomials of lower degree with respect to \(\langle f,g\rangle_{\Delta}\) in terms of spherical harmonics and Jacobi polynomials. The explicit formula is used to study further properties of the orthogonal basis. In particular, it turns out that the orthogonal expansion of a function \(f\) in this basis can be computed without involving the derivatives of \(f.\)