On approximation properties of a family of linear operators at critical value of parameter (Q818477)

It is known that the Riesz potential operator \(I^\alpha\) and Bessel potential operator \(J^\alpha\) approximate the identity operator, see \textit{T.Kurokawa}, [Sci. Rep. Kagoshima Univ. 30, 31--45 (1981; Zbl 0531.40007)]. The authors generalize such approximation property to a certain class of operators. It is known that various fractional type integral operators may be represented as Liouville fractional integral of a certain semigroup with respect to the parameter of the semigroup: \[ A_\alpha f(x)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(\alpha)}\int\limits_0^\infty t^{\alpha-1}(S_tf)(x)\,dt, \qquad \alpha >0. \tag{1} \] The authors consider operators \(A_\alpha\) of form (1) where \(S_t\) is not necessarily a semigroup, but satisfies the following axioms: a) for any \(\beta>0\) there exists \(c(\beta)\) such that \(\sup_{x\in\mathbb{R}^n}|(S_tf)(x)|\leq c(\beta)\|f\|_p\); b) \(\sup_{t>0}\|S_tf\|_p\leq c \|f\|_p;\) c) the maximal operator \(\sup_{t>0}|(S_tf)(x)|\) is of weak \((p,p)\)-type; d) when \(t\to 0\), \(S_tf\) converges to \(f\) in \(L_p(\mathbb{R}^n,dm)\)-norm for \(f\in L_p(\mathbb{R}^n,dm)\) and uniformly for \(f\in L_p(\mathbb{R}^n,dm)\bigcap C_0\). The main result of the paper is Theorem 8 which states that when as \(\alpha\to 0\), \((S_tf)\) converges to \(f(x)\) almost everywhere for \(f\in L_p(\mathbb{R}^n,dm)\) and uniformly for \(f\in L_p(\mathbb{R}^n,dm)\bigcap C_0\). The rate of convergence is also estimated (Theorems 11 and 13). Various examples are considered (the cases where \(S_tf\) is Poisson or metaharmonic semigroup, which corresponds to the Riesz and Bessel potential operators; the generalized Riesz and Bessel potentials generated by the generalized shift operator may be also included).