Generalized shift-invariant systems and frames for subspaces (Q818497)

For a given real invertible \( d \times d \) matrix \( C \) and for \( k \in \mathbb Z^d\) let a generalized translation operator \( T_{Ck} \) acting on \( f \in L^2 (\mathbb R^d) \) be defined by \[ (T_{Ck}f) (x) := f (x-Ck) , \quad x \in \mathbb R^d . \] A generalized shift-invariant system is a system of the type \( \{T_{C_jk}\phi_j \}_{j \in J,k \in {\mathbb Z}^d}, \) where \( \{C_j\}_{j \in J}\) is a countable set of real invertible \( d\times d \) matrices, and \( \{\phi_j \}_{j\in J}\subset L^2 (\mathbb R^d). \) For given matrix sets \(\{ C_j\}_{j \in J},\) the authors are interested in functions \( \{\phi_j\}_{j \in J}, \, \{\widetilde \phi_j\}_{j \in J}\subset L^2 (\mathbb R^d) \) for which \(\{T_{C_jk} \phi_j \}_{j \in J, \;k \in \mathbb Z^d} \) and \(\{T_{C_jk}\widetilde \phi_j \}_{j \in J, k \in \mathbb Z^d} \) are Bessel sequences and such that the expansions \[ f = \sum_{j \in J}\sum_{k \in \mathbb Z^d } \langle f, T_{C_jk} \widetilde \phi_j \rangle T_{C_jk} \phi_j \] for all \(f \in \overline{\text{ span}} \{T_{C_jk} \phi_j \}_{j \in J k \in \mathbb Z^d}\) are satisfied. In the paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are provided, such that this expansion holds. As special cases, conditions for shift-invariant systems, Gabor systems, and wavelet systems are found to generate a subspace frame with a corresponding dual frame having the same structure.