Polyhedral divisors and algebraic torus actions (Q818562)

Let \(Y\) be a normal variety, projective over some affine variety: Let \(\mathcal{D}=\sum \Delta_i\otimes D_i\;,\;D_i\) prime divisors on \(Y\), \(\Delta_i\) convex polyhedra in a rational vector space \(N_{\mathbb{Q}}=\mathbb{Q}\otimes N\), \(N\) a free finitely generated abelian group. Assume that all \(\Delta_i\) have a common pointed cone \(\sigma\subset N_Q\) as their tail cone. Let \(M=\text{Hom }(N, \mathbb{Z})\). Then \(\mathcal{D}\) defines an evaluation map into the group of rational Weil divisors on \(Y:\sigma^\vee\to\text{Div}(Y), u\to D(u)=\sum_{v\in \Delta_i}\min\langle u,v\rangle D_i\). \(\mathcal{D}\) is called a proper polyhedral divisor if any evaluation \(\mathcal{D}(u)\) is a semiample rational Cartier divisor, being big whenever \(u\) belongs to the relative interior of the cone \(\sigma^\vee\). The evaluation map turns out to be piecewise linear and convex, i.e. \(\mathcal{D}(u+u')-(\mathcal{D}(u)+\mathcal{D}(u'))\) is always effective Let \(A:=\bigoplus_{u\in\sigma^\vee\cap M} \Gamma(Y, \mathcal{O}(\mathcal{D}[u])\). It is proved the the ring \(A\) is normal and finitely generated. Thus \(X=\text{Spec}(A)\) is a normal affine variety with an effective action of the torus \(T:=\text{Spec}(\mathbb{C}[M])\) on \(X\) defined by the \(M\)-grading of \(A\). Assigning to the proper polyhedral divisor \(\mathcal{D}\) the affine \(T\)-variety \(X\) turns out to be functorial. Moreover, a canonical construction, based on the chamber structure of the set of GIT-quotients of \(X\), shows that every normal affine variety with effective torus action arises from a proper polyhedral divisor. The approach extends classical cone constructions of Dolgachev, Demazure and Pinkham to the multigraded case. As an application a description of the collection of \(T\)-orbits of an affine \(T\)-variety \(X\) in terms of its defining proper polyhedral divisor \(\mathcal{D}\) is given. It is explained how to compute the proper polyhedral divisor of a given affine variety with torus action.