Bounding dimension of ambient space by density for mean curvature flow (Q818580)

An ancient solution is a family \(\{M_t\}_{t\in(-\infty,T)}\) of \(n\)-dimensional submanifolds of \({\mathbb R}^{n+k}\) that moves by mean curvature flow for all times \(t<T,\) where \(T\) is fixed. Here the case \(T=0\) will be considered. Let \({\mathcal M}=\bigcup_{t\in(-\infty,0)} M_t\times\{t\}\) be the space-time track of the family \(\{M_t\}.\) Let \({\mathcal H}^n\) be the \(n\)-dimensional area and denote by \({\mathcal A}\) the quantity introduced by \textit{K. Ecker} in [Regularity theory for mean curvature flow.Boston: Birkhäuser (2004; Zbl 1058.53054)]. The ratio \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal M}\cap E_r)/r^n\), where \(E_r\subset{\mathbb R}^{n+k}\times{\mathbb R}\) denotes the heat-ball centered at \((0,0)\) of radius \(r\), loosely speaking measures how close to \({\mathbb R}^{n+1}\) the space-time track \({\mathcal M}\) is. In the case \({\mathcal M}={\mathbb R}^{n+1}\) the ratio is constantly \(1\). In this paper the author considers an ancient solution \({\mathcal M}\) such that for any given \(t\in (-\infty,0)\) the manifold \(M_t\) has no boundary in \({\mathbb R}^{n+k}\) and has finite mass \({\mathcal H}^n(M_t\cap B_{2\sqrt{-2nt}}).\) She proves that if \(1\leq{\mathcal A}({\mathcal M}\cap E_r)/r^n\leq V_{\mathcal M}<+\infty\) for all \(r>0,\) then for any given \(t\in(-\infty,0)\) the manifold \(M_t\) is contained in some affine subspace of dimension less than or equal to \((n+1){n\over{n-1}}2^{5n+12}V_{\mathcal M}.\) The main point in this bound is the uniformity in \(k\) (whence the possibility for the manifolds \(M_t\) to be contained in an affine subspace of dimension smaller than that of the ambient space \({\mathbb R}^{n+k}\)). The result also holds for varifold solutions of mean curvature flow.