Spectral properties of the Cauchy transform on \(L_2(\mathbb C,e^{-|z|^2}\lambda(z))\) (Q819619)

Let \(d\mu\left(z\right)= e^{-\left| z\right| ^2}\,d\lambda\left(z\right)\) be the Gaussian density on \({\mathbb C}\), where \(\lambda\left(z\right)\) is the usual Lebesgue measure on \({\mathbb C}\) (like on \({\mathbb R}^2\)). The Cauchy transform of a function \(f\in L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\) is defined by \[ Cf\left(z\right)={1\over\pi}\int_{{\mathbb C}} {f\left(w\right)\over{z-w}}\,d\mu\left(w\right). \] The set \[ \Lambda_0\left({\mathbb C}\right)=\left\{f\in L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right),\, f\text{ is entire}\right\} \] is called Bargmann space. The present article is devoted to investigation of some spectral properties of the Cauchy transform \(C\) on the orthogonal complement \(\Lambda_0^\bot\left({\mathbb C}\right)\) of the Bargmann space \(\Lambda_0\left({\mathbb C}\right)\) in \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\). This is possible by using the following Hilbertian orthogonal decomposition of \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\): \[ L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)= \bigoplus_{m\in{\mathbb Z}_+}\Lambda_m\left({\mathbb C}\right), \] where \[ \Lambda_m\left({\mathbb C}\right)= \left\{f\in L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right),\, A^*Af=mf\right\}. \leqno{(1)} \] Here the operators \(A^*\) and \(A\) are given by \(A^*=-{\partial\over{\partial z}}+\overline{z}\) and \(A={\partial\over{\partial\overline{z}}}\), respectively. The main result of the article is the following statement. Theorem. Let \(m\in{\mathbb Z}_+\) and \(m\) be fixed. Let \(\lambda_{m,p}\), \(p=0,1,2,\dots\), be the sequence of nonzero eigenvalues of the positive operator \[ \left| P_m C\right| := \sqrt{\left(P_m C\right)^*\left(P_m C\right)}, \] where \(P_m\) is the orthogonal projection operator from \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\) onto the space \(\Lambda_m\left({\mathbb C}\right)\) in \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\) and \(C\) is the Cauchy transform in \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\). Then we have: (i) The eigenvalues \(\lambda_{m,p}\), \(p=0,1,2,\dots\), of \(\left| P_m C\right| \) are given explicitly via the following formula: \[ \left(\lambda_{m,p}\right)^2= \gamma_{m-1,p}\,{}_2F_1\left(-\min\left(m-1,p\right);-\min\left(m-1,p\right); \left| m-1-p\right| +1; {1\over 4}\right), \] where \[ \gamma_{m-1,p}=\left({2\over 3}\right)^{2\min\left(m-1,p\right)} 3^{-\left(\left| m-1-p\right| +1\right)} {\left(\max\left(m-1,p\right)!\right)^2\over{m!p!\left| m-1-p\right| !}}, \] and \({}_2F_1\left(\alpha;\beta;\gamma;x\right)\) stands for the usual Gauss hypergeometric function. (ii) For \(m\in{\mathbb Z}_+\) and \(p=0,1,2,\dots\), let \(\phi_{m,p}\) be the functions of Hermite type defined on \({\mathbb C}\) by \[ \phi_{m,p}\left(z\right)=\left\{ \begin{matrix} {-1\over{p+1}}{}_1F_1\left(1;p+2;\left| z\right| ^2\right)z^{p+1}, & m=0,\\ -\left(-1\right)^{m+p} {\partial^{m-1+p}\over{\partial^{m-1}z\partial^p\overline{z}}} e^{-\left| z\right| ^2}, & m=1,2,\dots. \end{matrix} \right. \] Then for each \(p=0,1,2,\dots\), the above function \(\phi_{m,p}\left(z\right)\) is an eigenvector of the operator \(\left| P_m C\right| \) with \(\lambda_{m,p}\) as eigenvalue. As \(p\to\infty\) for fixed \(m\in{\mathbb Z}_+\), the authors obtain the following asymptotics: \[ \lambda_{m,p}\sim {1\over{2\sqrt{m!}}}\left({4\over 3}\right)^{m/2} e^{-p\log\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{{\Gamma\left(p+1\right)\over{\Gamma\left(p-m+2\right)}}}. \] The authors obtain explicit formulae for the Schwartz kernel functions of \(P_m C\) as well as \(\left(P_m C\right)^*\left(P_m C\right)\). This helps to prove the main result. Proceeding in the same way, the authors deal with the Green transform on \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\) and state its main spectral properties that correspond to the analogue of what they have done for the Cauchy transform \(C\) on \(L_2\left({\mathbb C}, d\mu\right)\). The article contains several interesting results that could be useful for specialists in complex analysis and operator theory.