New results on the Stieltjes constants: asymptotic and exact evaluation (Q820044)

The Stieltjes constants \(\gamma_k(a)\) are the expansion coefficients in the Laurent series of the Hurwitz zeta-function \(\zeta(s,a)\) about \(s=1\). Let \(s(n,m)\) be the Stirling numbers of the first kind, \(C_k(a):= \gamma_k (a) - (ln^k a)/a, \gamma_k:=\gamma_k(1)\), \(B_n(x)\) the Bernoulli polynomials, \(P_n(x):=B_n(x-[x]), B_j:=B_j(0)\), \[ \varphi_j(s):=\sum_{l=0}^{\infty}2^{-l-1}\sum_{k=0}^{l}(-1)^k{l \choose k} {{\ln^j (k+1)}\over {(k+1)^s}}. \] The author proves the following main propositions. \[ C_n(a+1/2) \to -C_n(a) \quad (n \to \infty). \leqno (1) \] \[ \begin{aligned}\gamma_n=(-1)^{n-1}n!m^{1-n}\sum_{k=0}^{n+1}{s(n+1,n+1-k)\over {k!}}\\ \int\limits_{1}^{\infty}P_n(mx){{\ln^k x}\over {x^{n+1}}}dx - \sum_{r=1}^{m-1}C_n\Bigl({r \over m}\Bigr)\quad (m,n \in {\mathbb N})\end{aligned}.\leqno (2) \] \[ \sum_{r=1}^{q-1}\gamma_k \Bigl({r\over q}\Bigr)=-\gamma_k +q(-1)^k{{\ln^{k+1} q}\over {k+1}}+q\sum_{j=0}^{k}{k \choose j} (-1)^j(\ln^j q)\gamma_{k-j}\quad (q \in {\mathbb N},q \geq 2).\leqno(3) \] \[ \gamma_0=\gamma={{\ln 2}\over {2}} - {{\varphi_1(1)}\over {\ln 2}}.\leqno(4) \] \[ -\gamma_1={{\ln^2 2}\over {12}}-{{\varphi_1(1)}\over {2}}+{{\varphi_2(1)}\over {2\ln 2 }}.\leqno(5) \] \[ {{\varphi_1(-2n)}\over {2^{2n+1}-1}}={(-1)^n{(2n)!}\over {2(2\pi)^{2n}}}{{\varphi_0(2n+1)}\over {1-2^{-2n}}}\quad (n \in {\mathbb N)}.\leqno(6) \] The proof of (1) and (2) uses an identity due to \textit{N.-Y. Zhang} and \textit{K. S. Williams} [Analysis 14, No. 2-3, 147--162 (1994; Zbl 0808.11054)]. (1) implies a conjecture of \textit{R. Kreminski} [Math. Comput. 72, 1379--1397 (2003; Zbl 1033.11043)]. (3) takes the same form as Corollary 11 of \textit{K. Dilcher} [Math. Comput. 59, 259--282, S21--S24 (1992; Zbl 0752.11033)]. (4),(5) and (6) are a consequence of the summation identity \[ \zeta(s)={{1}\over {1-2^{1-s}}}\varphi_0(s)\quad(s\neq1) \] due to \textit{H. Hasse} [Ein Summierungsverfahren für die Riemannsche Zeta-Reihe, Math. Z. 32, 458--464 (1930; JFM 56.0894.03)].