Differential-henselianity and maximality of asymptotic valued differential fields (Q827432)

This paper deals with equicharacteristic 0 valued differential fields and several types of extensions: maximal immediate, henselian, differential-henselian and differential-algebraic. More precisely, the various hypothesis for the fields under consideration are: \begin{itemize} \item (asymptotic field) (in the sense of Ashenbrenner-van den Dries-van der Hoeven): for any \(v(f),v(g)>0\), \(v(f)<v(g)\Leftrightarrow v(f')<v(g').\) \item (small derivation) \(v(f)>0\Rightarrow v(f')>0\). \item (linearly surjective) any linear differential equation has a solution. \item (few constants) \(f'=0\Rightarrow v(f)=0\). \end{itemize} The main results are: Theorem 3.5. If an asymptotic valued differential field \(K\) has small derivation and linearly surjective differential residue field, then any two maximal immediate extensions of \(K\) are isomorphic over \(K\). Theorem 3.6. If \(K\) is a valued differential field with small derivation and few constants that is differential-henselian, then \(K\) is differential-algebraically maximal. As a corollary, the author obtains: Theorem 3.7. If \(K\) is an asymptotic valued differential field with small derivation and linearly surjective differential residue field, then \(K\) has a differential-henselization which is minimal, and so any two differential-henselizations of \(K\) are isomorphic over \(K\). An outline of the article is given in the introduction. Most of the technology used comes from the book [\textit{M. Aschenbrenner} et al., Asymptotic differential algebra and model theory of transseries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2017; Zbl 1430.12002)] and the paper [\textit{M. Aschenbrenner} et al., Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 117, No. 2, 376--406 (2018; Zbl 1437.12003)] of Aschenbrenner-van den Dries-van der Hoeven. The present paper is also a continuation of [\textit{L. van den Dries} and \textit{N. Pynn-Coates}, J. Algebra 519, 87--100 (2019; Zbl 1442.12005)]. Recall that in a valued field, elements in an immediate extension are encoded as pseudolimits of pseudocauchy sequences. Let us reformulate one of the main ingredients of the proofs: Proposition 3.1. Suppose that \(K\) is asymptotic, its value group is divisible, and its residue field is \(r\)-linearly surjective for some \(r\in\mathbb N\). Let \((a_\rho)\) be a pseudocauchy sequence in \(K\) having a differential polynomial of minimal complexity over \(K\) of order at most \(r\). Then the residual degree of this d-polynomial (up to factorization by the leading monomial of its coefficients) is 1.