Adjoint difference equation for the Nikiforov-Uvarov-Suslov difference equation of hypergeometric type on non-uniform lattices (Q829775)

The main mathematical object in the paper is the generalized difference equation of hypergeometric type due to \textit{A. F. Nikiforov} et al. [Classical orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable. Transl. from the Russian. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1991; Zbl 0743.33001)] and \textit{A. F. Nikiforov} and \textit{V. B. Uvarov} [Special functions of mathematical physics. A unified introduction with applications. Basel etc.: Birkhäuser Verlag (1988; Zbl 0624.33001)]: the Nikiforov-Uvarov-Suslov difference equation on a lattice \(x(s)\) with variable step size \(\nabla x(s)=x(s)-x(s-1)\), given by: \[\tilde{\sigma}[x(s)]=\frac{\Delta}{\Delta x(s-1/2)}\left[\frac{\nabla y(s)}{\nabla x(s)}\right]+\frac{1}{2}\tilde{\tau}\left[\frac{\Delta y(s)}{\Delta x(s)}+ \frac{\nabla y(s)}{\nabla x(s)}\right]+\lambda y(s)=0,\tag{1}\] where \(\tilde{\sigma}(x)\) and \(\tilde{\tau}(x)\) are polynomials of degrees at most two and one in \(x(s)\), respectivel,\( \lambda\) is a constant, \(\delta y(x)=y(x+1)-y(x),\ \nabla y(s)=y(s-y(s-1)\), and \(x(s)\) is a function that satisfies \[\frac{x(s+1)+x(s)}{2}=\alpha x\left(s+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\beta,\ \alpha,\beta\hbox{ two constants}.\] The aim of the paper is to establish an adjoint difference equation for \((1)\) on non-uniform lattices of the form \(x(s)=c_1q^s+c_2q^{-s}+c_3\) or \(x(s)=\tilde{c_1} x^2+\tilde{c_2} x+\tilde{c_3}\). The layout of the paper is as follows \S1. Introduction \S2. Preliminary \S3. Adjoint difference equation As the main result, the adjoint difference equation is written as \[\sigma (z+1)\Delta_{\nu-\mu-1}\nabla_{\nu-\mu}w(z)-\tau_{\nu-\mu-2}\nabla_{\nu-\mu}w(z)+(\lambda-\kappa_{2\nu-2\mu-1})w(z)=0,\] with \(x_{\nu}(s)=x(s+\nu/2),\Delta_{\nu}f(s)=\Delta f(s)/\Delta x_{\nu}(s),\nabla_{\nu} f(s)=\nabla f(s)/\nabla x_{\nu}(s),f\) a given function. In Theorem 3.1 this result is extended, stating: The adjoint equation is also a difference equation of hypergeometric type on non-uniform lattices. \S4. Particular solutions \S5. Applications and new fundamental theorems \S6. Conclusion References 33 items.