Spatio-temporal coexistence in the cross-diffusion competition system (Q830013)

The authors consider the coupled PDEs \[ u_t = \{(d+\gamma v)u\}_{xx}+(r_1-a_1u-b_1v)u \] \[ v_t = dv_{xx}+(r_2-a_2u-b_2v)v \] on \(x\in(0,L)\) and \(t>0\) with \(u_x(0,t)=u_x(L,t)=0\) and \(v_x(0,t)=v_x(L,t)=0\). They expand the solution in Fourier series in space, resulting in an infinite set of ODEs for the coefficients of the series. A numerical investigation of these ODEs shows instabilities of the spatially-uniform steady state as either \(d\) or \(\gamma\) are varied. This motivates a center manifold and normal form calculation about a doubly degenerate Hopf bifurcation. The result is a rigorous proof of the existence of a small amplitude (in space) time-periodic solution of the PDE which bifurcates from the spatially-uniform steady state through a Hopf bifurcation.