Geometric limits of Julia sets for sums of power maps and polynomials (Q830773)

The authors study the limits in the Hausdorff topology of the filled Julia sets of the sequence of maps \(f_n(z) = z^n + q(z)\) as \(n \to \infty\). Here \( q \) is some fixed polynomial. This is motivated by previous works on the geometric limits of \(z^n+c\) as \(n\to\infty\) (see [\textit{S. H. Boyd} and \textit{M. J. Schulz}, Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 22, No. 12, Paper No. 1250301, 21 p. (2012; Zbl 1258.37060)]). Any limit is necessarily a subset of the closed unit disk. Moreover using a result on the distribution of zeros of a sequence of polynomials by \textit{P. Erdős} and \textit{P. Turán} [Ann. Math. (2) 51, 105--119 (1950; Zbl 0036.01501)], one can show that the {liminf} of the filled in Julia sets contains the unit circle. This motivates the following definition of the set \(K_\infty\). It is the union of of the set \(K_q\) of points whose orbit under \( q \) stays inside the unit disk and the union of points that are either in the unit circle or are mapped eventually on the unit circle (under \(q\)) while all the previous iterates are inside the unit disk. In Theorem 2 it is stated that \(K_\infty\) contains the {limsup} of the sequence of the filled in Julia sets of \(f_n\) and that the union of the boundary of \( K_q\) with the second item in the above decomposition of \(K_\infty\) is a subset of the {liminf}. As a direct consequence, one has the following. Assuming that the degree of \(q\) is at least \(2\) and that \(q\) has no fixed point on the circle then: (1) The limit exists and is the closed unit disk if and only if \(q\) maps the unit disk inside itself; (2) The limit exists and is the unit circle if and only if the image of the closed unit disk does not intersect the unit disk. Inside any closed subset of the unit disk and for \(n\) large enough, \(f_n\) is a small perturbation of \(q\). From this follows a statement, claiming that when \(q\) is hyperbolic with no attracting periodic point on the circle, the limit exists and is equal to the set \(K_\infty\).