On the structure of generalized polarized manifolds with relatively small second class (Q831880)

A pair \((X, H)\), where \(X\) is a smooth projective variety of dimension \(n\) defined over the field of complex numbers and \(H\) is an ample line bundle on \(X\), is called a polarized manifold. Polarized manifolds have been extensively studied in the field using their invariants. Well-known invariants of the pairs \((X,H)\) are its degree \(d:=H^n\), its sectional genus \(g(H):=1+\frac{1}{2}(K_X+(n-1)H)H^{n-1}\), and its delta genus \(\Delta(H):=n+H^n-h^0(H)\). In recent years, many possible extensions to a vector bundle-like setting were explored by the first author and others defining different invariants. In the first part of the paper under review, the authors investigate polarized surfaces \((S,H)\) using their degree \(d\) and their class \(m\) (that is the number of tangent hyperplanes to S contained in a general pencil of hyperplanes). Namely, the structure of surfaces \((S, H)\) with \(m -3d \leq 3\) is described. Particular attention is given to the case \(m-2d\leq 1\) (this assumption forces the surface to be ruled) providing an explicit description of the pair \((S,H)\). The approach is inspired by the first named author's previous works [Math. Nachr. 175, 199--207 (1995; Zbl 0874.14023)], where surfaces satisfying \(d<m<2d\) are classified, and [Arch. Math. 64, No. 4, 359--368 (1995; Zbl 0819.14014)], where the inequality \(m-3d\geq 6\) for properly elliptic surfaces is proven and surfaces with \(m-3d\leq 6\) are classified. In the second part of the manuscript, the higher dimensional case is treated. Four-tuples \((X, \mathcal{E}, H, S)\), (where \(X\) is a \(n-\)dimensional manifold, \(\mathcal{E}\) is a vector bundle of rank between \(2\) and \(n-2\), \(H\) an ample line bundle on \(X\), and the assumption that the vector bundle \(\mathcal{E}\oplus H^{\oplus (n-r-2)}\) admits a section vanishing on the smooth surface \(S\) is satisfied), are classified for small values of the difference \(m_2 -d\) (here \(d=H_S^2\) and \(m_2\) is an invariant introduced by the two authors in a previous work).