Young's inequality and trace (Q837001)

Let \(M_{n}({\mathbb C})\) be the set of all complex \(n\)-square matrices. The modulus \((X^{\ast }X)^{1/2}\) of \(X\in M_{n}\) is written as \(|X|\). Let \(h=h(t):[0,\infty )\rightarrow [ 0,\infty )\) be strictly increasing, continuous function with \( h(0)=0\) and \(h(t)\rightarrow \infty \) as \(t\rightarrow \infty \). For \(x,y\geq 0\), define \[ f(x):=\int_{0}^{x}h(t)dt,\quad g(x):=\int_{0}^{y}h^{-1}(t)dt. \] The functions \(f\) and \(g\) are called mutually conjugate in the sense of Young. The authors prove the following: Theorem. Let \(\varphi \) be a positive linear functional on \(M_{n}(C)\) and \(f,g\) mutually conjugate in the sense of Young. Then the inequality \[ |\varphi (A^{\ast}B)| \leq \varphi (f(|A|))+\varphi (g(|A|)), \quad A,B\in M_{n}({\mathbb C}) \] holds if and only if one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) the function \(f(x)\) is a positive scalar multiple of the quadratic function \(x^{2}\); (ii) the functional \(\varphi \) is a positive scalar multiple of the trace \(Tr\).