Conditions for dominated splittings (Q839771)

Let \(M\) be an \(m\)-dimensional closed manifold (\(m\geq 2\)) and \(\text{Diff}^1(M)\) be the space of diffeomorphisms of \(M\) endowed with the \(C^1\) topology. For \(f\in\text{Diff}^1(M)\), let \(\Lambda\) be its compact invariant set. A \(Df\)-invariant splitting \(T_{\Lambda}M=E\oplus F\) is called a dominated splitting of index \(i\) over \(\Lambda\) if \(\dim E(x)=i\) for all \(x\in\Lambda\) and there exists \(l\in\mathbb N\) such that for all \(x\in\Lambda\) \[ \|Df^l|_{E(x)}\|\|Df^{-l}|_{F(f^lx)}\|\leq\tfrac{1}{2}. \] Roughly speaking, the paper states that for fixed \(i\), \(f\) has \(C^1\) persistently no small angles of index \(i\) if and only if \(f\) has a dominated splitting of index \(i\) on the \(C^1\) \(i\)-preperiodic set \(P^i_{\star}(f)\) in the case \(\dim M=3\). The main result is the following. Theorem. Let \(\dim M=3\) and \(f\in\text{Diff}^1(M)\). Fix \(1\leq i\leq\dim M-1\). The following conditions are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(f\) has a dominated splitting of index \(i\) on its \(C^1\) \(i\)-preperiodic set \(P^i_{\star}(f)\); \item[(2)] there are a \(C^1\) neighborhood \(\mathcal U\) of \(f\) and a number \(\gamma>0\) such that for any hyperbolic periodic point \(p\) of any \(g\in\mathcal U\) of index \(i\), \[ \angle(E^s(p,g),E^u(p,g))\geq\gamma. \] \end{itemize}} The theorem solves the problem posed by \textit{L. Wen} [Nonlinearity 15, No.~5, 1445--1469 (2002; Zbl 1011.37011)], for the case \(\dim M=3\).