On the long-time limit of positive solutions to the degenerate logistic equation (Q841364)

The author consider the parabolic problem \[ \begin{cases} u_t-\Delta u= au-b(x) u^p &\text{in }(0,\infty)\times \Omega, \\ Bu=0 &\text{on }(0,\infty)\times\partial\Omega,\\ u(0,\cdot)=u_0 &\text{in }\Omega, \end{cases} \] where \(a\) is a real parameter, \(b\geq 0\) is in \(C^\mu(\overline{\Omega})\) \((0<\mu<1)\) and \(p>1\) is a constant, \(\Omega\) is a \(C^{2+\mu}\) bounded domain in \(\mathbb R^N\) \((N\geq 2)\), the boundary operator is given by \(Bu=\alpha u_\nu +\beta u\), where \(\nu \) is the unit outward normal to \(\partial \Omega\), and either \(\alpha=0\), \(\beta=1\) (which gives the Dirichlet boudary conditions) or \(\alpha=1\), \(\beta\geq 0\) with \(\beta\in C^{1+\mu}(\partial \Omega)\) (which gives the Neumann or Robyn conditions). The above problem is known as the logistic problem, which plays an important role in the study of various populations models. The author is interested in the degenerate logistic case where \(b\geq 0\), but the zero set of \(b\) is the closure of some suitably regular non-empty subdomain \(\Omega _0:\) \(\overline{\Omega}_0= \{x\in \overline{\Omega}:b(x)=0\}\). More precisely, the authors assume that \(\overline{\Omega}_0\) has non-empty interior, is connected, has smooth boudary \(\left( C^{2+\mu }\right) \) and is contained in \(\Omega\). It is shown that when \(a\geq \lambda _1^D(\Omega _0)\), for any fixed \(x\in \overline{\Omega}_0,\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }u\left( x,t\right) =\infty \), and for any fixed \(x\in \overline{\Omega}\backslash \overline{\Omega }_0,\) \[ \varlimsup_{t\rightarrow \infty }u(x,t)\leq \overline{U} _a(x), \quad \varliminf_{t\rightarrow \infty }u(x,t)\geq \underline{U}_a(x), \] where \(\lambda _1^D(\Omega _0)\) denote the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet problem \[ -\Delta u=\lambda u,u| _{\partial \Omega _0}=0, \] and \(\overline{U}_a,\underline{U}_a\) denotes the minimal and maximal positive solutions of the boundary blow-up problem \[ \begin{cases} u_t-\Delta u=au-b(x) u^p &\text{in }\Omega \backslash \overline{\Omega }_0, \\ Bu=0 &\text{on }(0,\infty)\times \partial\Omega, \\ u=\infty &\text{on }\partial \Omega _0, \end{cases} \] The main purpose of this paper is to show that under above assumptions, \[ \lim_{t\rightarrow \infty }u(x,t) = \underline{U}_a\left( x\right), \quad \forall x\in \overline{\Omega}\backslash \overline{\Omega}_0. \]