Bifurcation analysis to Swift-Hohenberg equation with Steklov type boundary conditions (Q841375)

The authors look at the stationary solutions of the Swift-Hohenberg equation \[ w_t = (\nu - (1 + \partial_x^2)^2) w - w^3, \quad x \in (0,L/2) \] and the activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion equations \[ \left.\begin{aligned} u_t&= D_1 u_{xx}+ u-v-u^3 \\ v_t&= D_2 v_{xx}+3u-2v \end{aligned}\right\} \quad x \in (0,L/2). \] When the Neumann boundary conditions are added at the end points, the solution branches show standard properties of saddle-node and pitchfork bifurcations. When the boundary conditions are symmetry-breaking, however, new avoid-crossing phenomenon arises, when different branches of solutions split near bifurcation points without interconnections. Using the decomposition over the Fourier modes, the center manifold reductions, and the normal form amplitude equations, the authors study the avoid-crossing phenomenon in bifurcations of stationary solutions of the Swift-Hohenberg equation with boundary conditions \[ w = 0, \quad x = 0,L/2; \quad w_{xx} - \delta w_x = 0, \quad x = 0; \quad w_{xx} + \delta w_x = 0, \quad x = L/2, \] where \(\delta > 0\) is the symmetry-breaking parameter.