The pseudospectrum of systems of semiclassical operators (Q841570)

We quote from the abstract of the paper: ``The pseudospectrum (or spectral instability) of non-selfadjoint operators is a topic of current intereset in applied mathematics. In fact, for non-selfadjoint operators the resolvent could be very large outside the spectrum, making numerical computation of the complex eigenvalues very hard. This has importance, for example, in quantum mechanics, random matrix theory and fluid dynamics. The occurrence of false eigenvalues (or pseudospectrum) of non-selfadjoint semiclassical differential operators is due to the existence of quaismodes, that is, approximate local solutions to the eigenvalue problem.'' The operators considered by the author are \(N\times N\) system of semiclassical pseudo-differential operators in the Weyl quantization \[ P(h)u(x)= p^w(x, hD_x) u(x)= (2\pi)^{-n}\iint p((x+ y)/2, h\eta) e^{i(x- y)\eta} u(y)\,dy\,d\eta \] with matrix valued symbols \(p\). Results on the pseudospectrum for the scalar case \(N= 1\) are recalled from \textit{N. Dencker}, \textit{J. Sjöstrand} and \textit{M. Zworski} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 57, No. 3, 384--415 (2004; Zbl 1054.35035)]. The author is then addressed to the new phenomena appearing for systems. Particular attention is devoted to systems of subelliptic type, for which one obtains \[ \{w\in \mathbb{C}:|x- z|<\rho\lambda(h)\}\cap \sigma(P(h))=\emptyset\quad\text{for }0< h\leq h_0, \] where the function \(\lambda(h)\) depends on the type of subellipticity at \(z\) of \(P\). Other related results are presented, with several examples.