Constructions of small symplectic 4-manifolds using Luttinger surgery (Q841576)

The goal of this paper is to construct examples of simply connected and non-simply connected smooth symplectic 4-manifolds with small Euler characteristics. Luttinger surgery is used for these constructions. The authors construct a minimal symplectic 4-manifold which is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb {CP}^2\# 3\overline{\mathbb {CP}}{}^2\), and which contains a genus two symplectic surface with trivial normal bundle and simply connected complement, and a disjoint null-homologous Lagrangian torus. Also, they construct a minimal symplectic 4-manifold which is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to \(3\mathbb {CP}^2\# 5\overline{\mathbb {CP}}{}^2\), and which contains two disjoint essential Lagrangian tori such that the complement of the union of the tori is simply connected. Finally, they show how to construct minimal symplectic manifolds with Euler characteristic 6 and fundamental group \(\mathbb Z\), \(\mathbb Z^3\), or \(\mathbb Z/p\oplus\mathbb Z/q\oplus\mathbb Z/r\) for integers \(p\), \(q\), and \(r\).