Quadrature domains with infinite volume (Q841678)

Let \(\lambda \) denote Lebesgue measure on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\), let \(\mu \) be a positive Borel measure on \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\), and let \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}\) be open. If \(\mathbb{\mu (R}^{d}\backslash \Omega )=0\) and \(\int sd\mu \leq \int_{\Omega }sd\lambda \) for every subharmonic function \(s\) on \(\Omega \) which is Lebesgue integrable over \(\Omega \), then \(\Omega \) is called a quadrature domain of \(\mu \) for subharmonic functions, and we write \(\Omega \in \overline{Q}(\mu ,SL^{1})\). This paper is particularly concerned with the case where \(\Omega \) has infinite volume. Now suppose that there is an exhaustion \(\{W_{n}\}\) of \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\) by bounded open sets such that \(\mu \left| _{W_{n}}\right. \) is finite and \(\overline{Q}(\mu \left| _{W_{n}}\right. ,SL^{1})\neq \emptyset \) for each \(n\). It is then shown that there is an open set \(\Omega _{0}\in \overline{Q}(\mu ,SL^{1})\) such that \(\lambda (\Omega _{0}\backslash \Omega )=0\) for every \(\Omega \in \overline{Q} (\mu ,SL^{1})\). This set \(\Omega _{0}\), which does not depend on the choice of the exhaustion \(\{W_{n}\}\), is called the core quadrature domain of \(\mu \) and is the focus of attention in the first main part of the paper. The second part investigates a type of balayage for domains \(D\) that contain the exterior of some ball. This balayage is defined with respect to integrable harmonic functions on \(D\), and sweeps real measures on \(D\) that satisfy a certain integrability condition to real measures on \(\partial D\). The author calls this inducted balayage, and introduces it with a view to the construction of quadrature domains. He indicates that these investigations will be further developed in future work.