Smooth ergodic theory for endomorphisms (Q842001)

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Smooth ergodic theory for endomorphisms
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    Smooth ergodic theory for endomorphisms (English)
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    22 September 2009
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    The ergodic theory of Axiom A diffeomorphisms, developed primarily by Sinai, Ruelle, and Bowen, showed that an Axiom A attractor always has a unique invariant measure characterized by either of the equivalent properties (1. Pesin's entropy formula) the metric entropy is given by the sum of the positive Lyapunov exponents and (2. the SRB property) the conditional measures of the measure on unstable manifolds are absolutely continuous with respect to the natural measure inherited from the Lebesgue measure on the manifold. Pesin's theory for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms gave the first property in this case, and a later work of Ledrappier, Streclyn and Young showed the equivalence of the two characterizations in this setting also. Extending these results to other settings has been a central goal for the smooth ergodic theory. Powerful methods were developed for random diffeomorphisms and for smooth endomorphisms. In these notes the endomorphism case is developed systematically, bringing together ideas and results scattered in the literature in one coherent and detailed account. A feature of this work is that it uses in an essential way the inverse sequence approach developed by \textit{F. Ledrappier} and \textit{L.-S. Young} [Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 80, No. 2, 217--240 (1988; Zbl 0638.60054)] for the random case. The main contents of the book are as follows. In Chapter 1 the inverse limit construction is studied, with the basic entropy and Lyapunov exponent properties shown. In Chapter 2 a complete proof of the Margulis--Ruelle inequality is given for \(C^1\) maps; in Chapter 3 the work of \textit{H. Hu} [Adv. Math., Beijing 19, No. 3, 338--349 (1990; Zbl 0717.58046)] on the special case of expanding maps is studied; in Chapter 4 the case of Axiom A endomorphisms is given, following the work of \textit{M. Qian} and \textit{Z. Zhang} [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 15, No. 1, 161--174 (1995; Zbl 0818.58029)]. In Chapter 5 one of the central problems of the non-invertible setting (that there may not be a foliation structure of unstable manifolds) is addressed by studying the structure of unstable manifolds in the inverse limit space, building on the work of \textit{S. Zhu} [Sci. China, Ser. A 41, No. 2, 147--157 (1998; Zbl 0913.58045)]. Chapter 6 gives the extension of Pesin theory to \(C^2\) endomorphisms, giving an alternative treatment to that of \textit{P.-D. Liu} [Nagoya Math. J. 150, 197--209 (1998; Zbl 0943.37013)]. Chapter 7 formulates the SRB property for invariant measures of \(C^2\) endomorphisms using the inverse limit space, and gives a proof that the SRB property is equivalent to the entropy formula, extending the work of \textit{F. Ledrappier} and \textit{L.-S. Young} [Ann. Math. (2) 122, 509--539, 540--574 (1985; Zbl 0605.58028)] to the non-invertible case and presenting the work of \textit{M. Qian} and \textit{S. Zhu} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 354, No. 4, 1453--1471 (2002; Zbl 1113.37010)] in detail. In Chapter 8 the work of \textit{D.-Q. Jiang} and \textit{M. Qian} [J. Dyn. Control Syst. 12, No. 4, 465--488 (2006; Zbl 1104.37021)] on ergodic hyperbolic attractors is presented. Chapters 9 and 10 present a generalized entropy formula for any Borel probability invariant under a \(C^2\) endomorphism, extending the work of \textit{F. Ledrappier} and \textit{L.-S. Young} [Ann. Math. (2) 122, 540--574 (1985; Zbl 0605.58028)] by removing the invertibility assumption, and apply this to hyperbolic measures preserved by expanding maps or by diffeomorphisms, proving the conjecture of Eckmann and Ruelle in those two cases. This is a reworking of results due to \textit{M. Qian} and \textit{J.-S. Xie} [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 21, No. 2, 367--392 (2008; Zbl 1148.37016)] and of \textit{P.-D. Liu} and \textit{J.-S. Xie} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, No. 9, 3751--3780 (2006; Zbl 1090.37039)]. Two appendices give extensions of the known extent of validity for Pesin's entropy formula for random \(C^2\) endomorphisms and some large deviation results for Axiom A endomorphisms.
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    smooth ergodic theory
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    Pesin theory
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    endomorphisms
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    random transformation
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    Lyapunov exponent
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