On a result of Saeki-Takahashi and a theorem of Bochner (Q842315)

An old question in Fourier analysis is to determine whether complex numbers \(c_n\) \((n\in\mathbb{Z})\) are the Fourier coefficients of a function \(f\in L^p(\mathbb{T})\). Thanks to the Bessel's inequality and the Riesz-Fisher theorem, it is known that \(c_n\) are Fourier coefficients of a function \(f\in L^2(\mathbb{T})\) if and only if \(\sum|c_n|^2\) is finite. No such simple criterion seems to be known for \(p\neq 2\). A theorem of F. and M. Riesz proved in 1916 states that if a trigonometric series \(S=\sum c_n e^{inx}\) and its conjugate \(\widetilde S=-i\sum(\text{sing\,}n) c_n e^{inx}\) are both Fourier-Stieltjes series, then \(S\) and \(\widetilde S\) are Fourier series of functions in \(L^1(\mathbb{T})\), cf. Theorem VII.8.3, \textit{A. Zygmund} [Trigonometric series. Volumes I and II combined. With a foreword by Robert Fefferman. 3rd ed. Cambridge Mathematical Library. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2002; Zbl 1084.42003)]. Under the conditions of this theorem, the Fourier-Stieltjes coefficients of \(S+ i\widetilde S\) are all zero for \(n< 0\). Riesz's theorem can be formulated in a somewhat different form. If \(\mu\) is a complex Borel measure on \(\mathbb{T}\) such that \[ \widehat\mu(n)= {1\over 2\pi} \int^{2\pi}_0 e^{-\text{int}}\, d\mu(t)= 0 \] for all \(n< 0\), then \(\mu\) is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure; in other words, \(d\mu(t)= g(t)\,dt\) for some \(g\in L^1(\mathbb{T})\), cf. Theorem 8.2.1, \textit{W. Rudin} [Fourier analysis on groups. Paperback edition. Wiley Classics Library; A Wiley-Interscience Publication. New York etc.: John Wiley \& Sons (1990; Zbl 0698.43001)]. Using the fact that \(\mathbb{T}\) is a quotient group of \(\mathbb{R}\), we can transfer this theorem to \(\mathbb{R}\). If \(\mu\in M(\mathbb{R})\) and if \[ \int^\infty_{-\infty} e^{-iyx}\,d\mu(x)= 0 \] for all \(y< 0\), then \(\mu\) is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure [ibid., Theorem 8.2.7]. Riesz's theorem and its descendants have been generalized in various directions; for a discussion of some of these results the reader can consult Rudin's book. A multivariate extension to \(\mathbb{R}^n\) was given by \textit{S. Saeki} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 90, 391--396 (1984)], and a later extension to locally compact Abelian groups by \textit{Y. Takahashi} [Hokkaido Math. J. 15, 157--161 (1986; Zbl 0586.43002)]. To state Takahashi's result, let \(G\) be a locally compact Abelian group, \(H\) a closed subgroup of \(G\), \(\alpha: G\to G/H\), and \(\pi: \widehat G\to\widehat G/H^\perp\) the corresponding natural homomorphisms. For a closed subset \(E\) of \(\widehat G\), let \[ M_E(G)= \{\mu\in M(G): \widehat\mu(\gamma)= 0\text{ if }\gamma\not\in E\}. \] The set \(E\) is called a Riesz set if \(M_E(G)\subset L^1(G)\). Now, let \(\widetilde E\) be a Riesz set in \(\widehat G/H^\perp\), and put \(E=\pi^{-1}(\widetilde E)\). Suppose \(\mu\in M(G)\) satisfies the following two conditions: (i) \(\mu\in M_E(G)\), (ii) for each \(\gamma\in E\), \(\alpha(\overline\gamma\mu)\in L^1(G/H)\) (where \(\alpha(\overline\gamma\mu)(f)= \int_G f(\alpha(x))\overline\gamma(x)\,d\mu(x)\) for every \(f\in C_0(G/H)\)). Under these conditions, \(\mu\) is absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar measure on \(G\). In the paper under review, the author gives a slight extension of Takahashi's result, in which the author assumes that the condition (ii) holds for all \(\gamma\in\pi^{-1}(\widetilde D)\), where \(\widetilde D\) is a dense subset of \(\widetilde E\). The author's extension contains as special cases earlier results of \textit{I. Glicksberg} [Ill. J. Math. 9, 418--427 (1965; Zbl 0188.20401)] and \textit{S. Bochner} [Ann. Math. (2) 45, 708--722 (1944; Zbl 0060.24302)].