Banach algebra techniques for spectral multiplicity (Q842364)

Let \([X]\) denote the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Banach space \(X\). A subspace \(E\) of a Banach space \(X\) is called a cyclic subspace for an operator \(A\in[X]\) if \(\text{span}\{A^nE: n\geq 0\}=X\). The set of all cyclic subspaces of an operator \(A\) is denoted by \(\text{Cyc}(A)\). The spectral multiplicity of an operator \(A\) is defined to be the number \[ \mu(A)=\inf\{\dim E: E\in\text{Cyc}(A)\}. \] It is obvious that \(A\) is cyclic if and only if \(\mu(A)=1\). A subset \(M\) of a Banach space \(X\) is said to be cyclic for a set \(S\) of operators on \(X\) if the smallest \(S\)-invariant subspace of \(X\) containing \(M\) coincides with \(X\). The spectral multiplicity \(\mu(S)\) of \(S\) is defined to be the infimum of the dimensions of all cyclic sets of \(S\). Let \(\mathcal A\) be a commutative Banach algebra with unit \(e\). Then \(\mu(\mathcal A)=1\). Let \((a_1,\dots, a_n)\) be an \(n\)-tuple of elements of \(\mathcal A\). If there exist elements \(a_{ij}\in\mathcal A\) such that \(a_{1j}=a_j, j=1,2,\dots,n\), and the matrix \(\left(a_{ij}\right)_{i,j=1}^n\) is invertible in the algebra of matrices over \(\mathcal A\), then we say that the row \(a=(a_1,\dots,a_n)\) is complemented. An algebra \(\mathcal A\) has the complementation property for rows if every row \(a\) in \(\mathcal A\) can be complemented whenever the ideal generated by the elements \(a_1,\dots,a_n\) coincides with \(\mathcal A\). Let \(\Gamma: \mathcal A\rightarrow [X]\) be a continuous and unital homomorphism and let \(\mathcal B=\text{diag}(\mathcal A\oplus\Gamma(\mathcal A))=\{a\oplus\Gamma(a): a\in\mathcal A\}\). It is well-known that \[ \max\{\mu(\mathcal A), \mu(\Gamma(\mathcal A))\}\leq\mu(\mathcal B)\leq\mu(\mathcal A)+\mu(\Gamma(\mathcal A)). \] The paper deals with the equality \[ \mu(\mathcal B)=\mu(\mathcal A)+\mu(\Gamma(\mathcal A)). \] The main result is the following Theorem. Let \(\mathcal A\) be a commutative unital Banach algebra and let \(\Gamma:\mathcal A\rightarrow [X]\) be a continuous unital homomorphism. Moreover, let \(\mathcal B=\text{diag}(\mathcal A\oplus\Gamma(\mathcal A))\). If the algebra \(\mathcal A\) has the complementation property for rows, then \(\mu(\mathcal B)=1+\mu(\Gamma(\mathcal A))\).