Hamiltonian structures of reductions of the Benney system (Q842448)

The authors study reductions of the Benney moment chain [\textit{D. J. Benney}, Stud. Appl. Math. 52, 45--50 (1973; Zbl 0259.35011)], which is given by the equations \[ A_t^k = A_x^{k+1} + k A^{k-1}A_x^0, \quad k=0,1,\dots, \] a famous example of a chain of hydrodynamic type. Setting \(\lambda=p+ \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{A^k}{p^{k+1}}\), one can also write the chain as the single equation \[ \lambda_t = p \lambda_x - A_x^0 \lambda_p, \] the second flow of the dispersionless KP hierarchy. An \(n\)-component reduction is a restriction to an \(n\)-dimensional submanifold, \(A^k = A^k(u^1,\dots,u^n)\). Some reductions were studied by \textit{J. Gibbons} and \textit{S.P. Tsarev} [Phys. Lett. A 211, No.~1, 19--24 (1996; Zbl 1072.35588)], and proved to be integrable via the generalized hodograph transformation. The aim of the paper under review is to investigate the relations between the analytic properties of the function \(\lambda(p, u^1,\dots,u^n)\), and the Hamiltonian structures of the associated reduction. The approach used is general, in that it applies to all reductions. The main result gives an explicit formula for the Hamiltonian operator in terms of the function \(\lambda(p, u^1,\dots,u^n)\) and its inverse with respect to \(p\), denoted \(p(\lambda, u^1,\dots,u^n)\), together with a collection of arbitrary functions of 1 variable, \(\phi_1,\dots, \phi_n\). The formula involves, derivatives and integrals of these data, the integrals being over suitably chosen contours on a complex domain. In the last section are discussed two examples where the calculations can be expressed in detail. These are the \(2\)-component Zakharov reduction and the dispersionless Boussinesq reduction.