Moment zeta functions for toric Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces (Q843077)

This paper considers the one-parameter family of (\(n-1\))-dimensional toric Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces defined by \[ X_\lambda:x_1+\dots+x_n+\frac{1}{x_1\cdots x_n}=\lambda \] where \(n\geq 2\) is an integer and \(\lambda\in A^1\) is a parameter. Let \(\mathbb F_q\) be a finite field of \(q\) elements with characteristic \(p\). For a positive integer \(d\), let \(N_d(k)\) denote the number of points on the family \(X_\lambda\) such that \(x_i\in\mathbb F_{q^{dk}}\) for all \(1\leq i\leq n\) and \(\lambda\in\mathbb F_{q^k}\). The \(d\)-th moment zeta function of the morphism \(X_\lambda\to\lambda\in A^1\) is defined by \[ Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)=\exp\left(\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{N_d(k)}{k}T^k\right)\in1+T\mathbb{Z}[T]. \] The purpose of the paper under review is to study the sequence of the moment zeta functions \(Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)\). The main consequence of these studies is the determination of the purity decomposition and the trivial factors for \(Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)\) for all \(d\), all \(n\) such that \(n + 1\) divides \(q-1\). When \(n+1\) divides \(q-1\), the moment zeta function \(Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)\) has the factorization whose factors can be determined explicitly. As a corollary, the estimate for \(N_d(k)\) is presented. The method used here is the \(\ell\)-adic cohomology theory, expressing \(Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)\) in terms of the \(L\)-function over \(A^1\) of the \(d\)-th Adams operation of the cohomology sheaves \(H^j(K)\) (which are the relative \(\ell\)-adic cohomology with compact support of the family \(X_\lambda\)). For \(\ell\neq p\), let \(\mathcal F\) denote the non-trivial part of the relative \(\ell\)-adic cohomology with compact support of \(X_\lambda\). It is a geometrically irreducible smooth sheaf on the sense open set \(U := A^1 \setminus \{(n + 1)\zeta: \zeta^{n+1} = 1\}\). Then the \(d\)-th moment zeta function is given, up to trivial factors, by \[ Z_d(A^1,X_\lambda)\sim L(A^1,[\mathcal F]^d)^{(-1)^{n-1}} \] where \([\mathcal F]^d\) denotes the \(d\)-th Adams operation of the sheaf \(\mathcal F\) on \(A^1\). Furthermore, \([\mathcal F]^d\) can be written as \[ [\mathcal F]^d=\sum_{a+b=d}(-1)^{b-1}(b-1)\mathcal G_{a,b} \] where \(\mathcal G_{a,b} := \text{Sym}^a\mathcal F\otimes\wedge {}^b\mathcal F\) is an \(\ell\)-adic sheaf on \(A^1\), smooth on \(U\), and vanishing if \(b > n\). Then the moment zeta function is given by the formula: \[ L(U,[\mathcal F]^d)=\prod_{b=0}^n L(U,\mathcal G_{d-b,b})^{(-1)^{b-1}(b-1)}. \] For this latter \(L\)-function, the purity decomposition and the trivial factors are determined. The local and global monodromy of the sheaf \(\mathcal F\) are calculated. These results are then used to calculate the \(L\)-function of the sheaf \(\mathcal G_{a,b}\) and its local factors at bad points.