On the KPI transonic limit of two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii travelling waves (Q843086)

The paper is dealing with the propagation of small-amplitude ``sound waves'' (density perturbations) in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) with the repulsive nonlinear term, \[ i\Psi_t = \Delta\Psi + (1 - |\Psi|^2)\Psi, \] where \(\Delta\) is the multi-dimensional Laplacian. The sound wave propagates in the uniform finite-density state, which is described by solution \(\Psi = A \exp(-i(1-A^2)t\) with \(A\) = const (in fact, one may set \(A=1\)). In the limit case of the small-amplitude perturbation waves, one may perform the expansion of the GPE in powers of the amplitudes of the wave, up to the second order. This gives rise to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP-I) equation, which is integrable in the two-dimensional (2D) case (on the contrary to the nonintegrability of the underlying GPE). The paper reports a rigorous proof of the convergence of the small-amplitude perturbation-wave solutions of the two-dimensional GPE to ground-state solutions of the KP-I equation. In fact, this ground-state solution is the stable 2D weakly (algebraically, rather than exponentially) localized soliton of the ``lump'' type. The waves are transonic, i.e., they run at a velocity exceeding the sound velocity, which corresponds to the wave with an infinitely small amplitude.