Spectral gaps of Schrödinger operators with periodic singular potentials (Q843089)

The classical Floquet-Lyapunov theory gives a detailed description of the spectral properties of the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator \[ Ly=-y''+v(x)y \] with real-valued periodic potentials \(v\in L^2_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R})\). By using quasi-derivatives the authors extend the Fourier method for studying the spectral properties of \(L\) to the case of complex-valued singular potentials \(v\in H^{-1}_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R})\). The main results describe, for \(L\) considered on \([0,\pi]\), the connection between the smoothness of potentials and the asymptotics of spectral gaps \(\gamma_n=|\lambda^+_n-\lambda^-_n|\) and deviations \(\delta_n=| \mu_n-(\lambda^+_n+\lambda^-_n)/2|\). Here \(\mu_n\) are the properly enumerated eigenvalues of \(L\) with Dirichlet boundary conditions, and \(\lambda^+_n\) and \(\lambda^-_n\) are the eigenvalues of \(L\) subject to periodic (even \(n)\) and antiperiodic (odd \(n)\) boundary conditions, respectively.