On the geometry of polynomial dynamical systems (Q843532)

In the present paper the author proposes a new geometric approach to study bifurcations of limit cycles of systems of the form \[ \dot x=P_n(x,y),\quad \dot y=Q_n(x,y)\tag{1} \] where \(P_n\) and \(Q_n\) are polynomials with real coefficients in variables and \(y\), and to solve the sixteenth Hilbert problem in two cases: a quadratic system and a polynomial Liénard system. In particular, in Section 2 two canonical systems are constructed with parameters rotating the vector field, one of which contains four such parameters. Using the canonical systems and the geometric properties of spirals filling in the inner and outer domains of limit cycles, is proposed a solution of the problem on the maximum number and mutual location of limit cycles in the case of quadratic systems. In Section 3, using the same geometric approach, the thirteenth smale problem is solved for the polynomial Liénard system. In Section 4, applying the Wintner-Perko termination principle for multiple limit cycles, an alternative approach is developed to solve the sixteenth Hilbert problem. In conclusion, in Section 5 one more known approach to solve the sixteenth Hilbert problem is discussed.