Deformation-obstruction theory for complexes via Atiyah and Kodaira-Spencer classes (Q845751)

The authors give a universal approach to the theory of deformations and obstructions for objects in the derived category of coherent sheaves over a smooth projective manifold. The key idea is the use of Fourier--Mukai functors. \textit{M. Lieblich} [J. Algebr. Geom. 15, No. 1, 175--206 (2006; Zbl 1085.14015)] and \textit{W. Lowen} [Commun. Algebra 33, No. 9, 3195--3223 (2005; Zbl 1099.18008)] studied the deformation theory of objects of the derived category. They produce a class representing the obstruction to deforming a complex over an infinitesimal deformation. Such an obstruction is expected to be the product of Atiyah and Kodaira--Spencer classes. Some situations where this holds true are already known, as for example in [\textit{D. Huybrechts, E. Macrì} and \textit{P. Stellari}, Duke Math. J. 149, No. 3, 461--507 (2009; Zbl 1237.18008)]. Given a noetherian separated scheme \(X\) in a smooth ambient space \(A\), the authors consider Illusie's cotangent complex \(L_X^*\) and its truncation \(\tau^{\geq -1} L^*_X\). Given a perfect complex \(E\) over \(X\), they define the Atiyah class \(A(E)\) and, given \(i: X_0 \hookrightarrow X\), a square zero thickening of schemes defined by an ideal \(I\), they define the truncated Kodaira--Spencer class \(\kappa(X_0/X)\). Finally, given a perfect complex \(E_0\) on \(X_0\), one can consider the obstruction class given by \((Id_{E_0} \otimes \kappa(X_0/X)) \circ A(E_0)\) in \(Ext^2_{X_0}(E_0,E_0 \otimes I)\). Let \(E_0\) be a perfect complex on a separated notherian scheme \(X_0\) and \(i:X_0 \hookrightarrow X\) a closed embedding defined by an ideal \(I\) of square zero. Assume that \(X\) can be embedded into a smooth (over a base \(B\)) ambient space \(A\). The main result of the paper states that there exists a perfect complex \(E\) on \(X\) such that the derived pull-back \(i^*E\) is quasi-isomorphic to \(E_0\) if and only if the obstruction class vanishes. Moreover, all classes are defined universally, thanks to Fourier--Mukai functors.