Reconstruction of singularities from full scattering data by new estimates of bilinear Fourier multipliers (Q845754)

For some complex valued potential \(q(x)\), let \(H=\Delta + q(x)\) be the Schrödinger operator. Given the energy \(k^{2}\) and the incident direction \(\theta\), the scattering solution \(\psi=\psi(x,\theta,k)\) is defined as the solution of the problem \[ \begin{cases} (\Delta+q+k^{2})\psi=0\\ \psi=e^{ikx\cdot\theta}+\psi_{out}, \end{cases} \] where the function \(\psi_{out}\) satisfies the outgoing Sommerfeld radiation condition. This means, for a compactly supported potential \(q\), that it has asymptotics as \(|x|\to\infty\) \[ \psi(x,\theta,k)=e^{ikx\cdot\theta}+C|x|^{\frac{1-n}{2}}k^{\frac{n-3}{2}}e^{ik|x|}A(\theta ', \theta, k)+o(|x|^{\frac{1-n}{2}}), \] where \(\theta'=x/|x|\). Let \(q_{b}\) denote the Born approximation of \(q\), and let \(q_{B}\) be an averaged Born approximation. The following theorem is obtained: Assume that \(q\) is a compactly supported potential, which may be complex valued, such that \(q\in L_{p}(\mathbb R^{n})\cap W^{\alpha,2}(\mathbb R^{n})\), where \(p>n/2\) and \(p\geq 2\), \(\max\{0,\frac{n}{2}-\frac{2n}{n+1}\}\leq\alpha\). Then \(q-q_{B}\in W_{loc}^{\beta,2}\), when \(\beta-\alpha<\epsilon(\alpha)\). The accuracy function \(\epsilon(\alpha)\) is given by: (a) In the interval \(\max\{0,\frac{n}{2}-\frac{2n}{n+1}\}\leq\alpha\leq\frac{n}{2}\) by \[ \epsilon(\alpha)=\begin{cases} \alpha+2-\frac{n}{2}-\frac{\alpha}{n}, &\text{if } \alpha\leq\frac{n}{2}-\frac{n}{2(n-1)} \\ 1, &\text{if } \frac{n}{2}-\frac{n}{2(n-1)}\leq\alpha\leq\frac{n}{2} \end{cases} \] (b) For \(\alpha >\frac{n}{2}\), \(\epsilon(\alpha)\) is obtained from the periodic extension of its values in the interval \((\frac{n}{2}-1,\frac{n}{2}]\). To be precise \[ \epsilon(\alpha)=\max\{\epsilon(\alpha '), \frac{n}{2}-\alpha '\} \] where \(\alpha '=\alpha-1-[\alpha-\frac{n}{2}]\). It means, in particular, that the singularities of a complex valued potential \(q\) can be reconstructed from the linear Born approximation for full scattering data by averaging in the extra variables; besides the accuracy in the reconstruction improves the previously known accuracy obtained from fixed angle or backscattering data. In particular, for \(q\in W^{\alpha,2}\) for \(\alpha\geq 0\), in 2D there is recovered the main singularity of \(q\) with an accuracy of one derivative; in 3D the accuracy is \(\epsilon >\frac{1}{2}\), increasing with \(\alpha\). This gives a mathematical basis for diffraction tomography. The proof is based on some new estimates for multidimensional bilinear Fourier multipliers of independent interest.