Riesz transform on locally symmetric spaces and Riemannian manifolds with a spectral gap (Q846345)

Let \((M,g)\) be a complete Riemannian manifold. The Riesz transform is the operator \(\nabla\Delta^{-1/2}\). Let \(V(x,r)\) be the volume of a ball with center \(x\) and radius \(r\). One assumes that: {\parindent6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \((M,g)\) has exponential growth, i.e., for all \(r_0>0\), \(x\in M\), \(\theta>1\), and \(0<r<r_0\), \(V(x,\theta r)\leq Ce^{c\theta}V(x,r)\) where \(C=C(r_0)\) and \(\theta=\theta(r_0)\). \item[(2)] Let \(p(t,x,y)\) be the heat kernel. Assume there exists \(C>0\) so for all \(x,y\in M\) and all \(t\in(0,1)\): \[ p(t,x,x)\leq CV(x,\sqrt t)^{-1},\qquad |\nabla_xp(t,x,y)|\leq Ct^{-1/2}V(y,\sqrt t)^{-1}\,. \] \end{itemize}} Under these conditions, the authors show that, if there is a certain spectral gap in the \(L^2\) spectrum, then the Riesz transform is bounded in \(L^p\) for all \(p\in(1,\infty)\), i.e., Theorem. Assume there exists \(a>0\) so that \(\mathrm{spec}(\Delta)\subset\{0\}\cup[a,\infty)\). Then for any \(p\in(1,\infty)\), there are positive constants \(c_p\) and \(C_p\) so that for any \(f\in C_0^\infty(M)\) one has the estimate: \[ c_p||\Delta^{1/2}f||_{L^p}\leq|||\nabla f|||_{L^p}\leq C_P||\Delta^{1/2}f||_{L^p}\,. \] The new feature here is that \(0\) is permitted in the spectrum.