Continuous measures on homogeneous spaces (Q848119)

Starting point of the investigations is N. Wiener's characterization of continuous measures on the torus by the criterion \[ \sum\limits_x|\mu(x)|^2 = \lim\limits_{N\to\infty}\frac{1}{2N+1}\sum\limits_{-N}^N|\widehat{\mu}(k)|^2 \qquad (W) \] Analogous criteria are obtained for compact homogeneous Riemannian manifolds, symmetric spaces of compact type, and Heisenberg nil-manifolds: Let \(X=G/K\) be a homogeneous compact Riemannian manifold, with eigenvalues \(\lambda_k\) resp. eigenfunctions \(\varphi_k\) of the Laplacian, then the semigroup of heat kernels (resp. Gaussian semigroup) is representable as \(K_t(x,y) = \sum_k \exp(\lambda_k t) \varphi_k(x)\overline{\varphi_k(y)}\) and \(K_t(x,x) = \sum_k\exp(-\lambda_k)\) (independent of \(x\)). For a probability measure \(\mu\) the Fourier coefficients \(\mu_k:=\int\varphi_k d \mu\) play the role of the Fourier transform (in the case of the torus). Then the following criterion is shown: \[ \sum\limits_x|\mu(x)|^2 = \lim\limits_{t\to 0+} \sum\limits_{k\geq 1}|\mu_k|^2 \mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_k t}/\sum_k \mathrm{e}^{-\lambda_k t}\qquad (W1) \] Let \(G\) be a compact simply connected semisimple Lie group, then the heat kernel is expressed similarly in terms of characters of irreducible representations, and an analogous criterion is proved. The extension to symmetric spaces \(G/K\) is left to the reader. Furthermore, if \(H_n\) denotes the \(2n+1\)-dimensional Heisenberg group and \(\Gamma_n\) a discrete subgroup, the Heisenberg group with integer valued entries, then the spectrum and the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the nilmanifold \(X=H_n/\Gamma_n\) are known. And again a version of Wiener's criterion \((W1)\) is proved.