Riesz transforms on groups of Heisenberg type (Q848489)

The aim of this article is to give an estimation of the \(L^p\)-operator norm of the vector of the Riesz transforms for the case of groups of Heisenberg type. Let \(n,m \in \mathbb{N}\), \(\mathfrak{u} \oplus \mathfrak{z}\) be a vector space such that \(\mathfrak{u}\) is a real vector space of dimension \(n\), \(\mathfrak{z}\) is a real vector space of dimension \(m\) and \(\beta: \mathfrak{u}\times \mathfrak{u} \rightarrow \mathfrak{z}\) a skew-symmetric bilinear map. Let \(\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle\) be a scalar product on the direct sum \(\mathfrak{u} \oplus \mathfrak{z}\) with \(\langle \mathfrak{u}, \mathfrak{z} \rangle = \{0 \}\). On \(\mathfrak{u} \oplus \mathfrak{z}\), a Lie bracket is given by \([ U+Z, V+Z'] = \beta(U, V)\) for all \(U, V \in \mathfrak{u}, Z, Z' \in \mathfrak{z}\). \(\mathfrak{h}_{n,m}=(\mathfrak{u} \oplus \mathfrak{z}, [\cdot, \cdot])\) is a step two nilpotent Lie group if \(\beta \neq 0\). A connected, simply connected Lie group is called a group of Heisenberg type, denoted by \(\mathbb{H}_{n,m}\), if its Lie algebra is \(\mathfrak{h}_{n,m}\). Let \(\{ X_{i}\mid i= 1, \dots, n\} \cup \{ Z_{i}\mid i=1, \dots, m \}\) be an orthonormal basis on \(\mathfrak{h}_{n,m}\) and \(\{ u_{i}\mid i= 1, \dots, n\} \cup \{ z_{i}\mid i=1, \dots, m \}\) coordinates on \(\mathbb{H}_{n,m}\). Let \[ \chi_{i}=\frac{\partial}{\partial u_{i}}-\frac{1}{2}\sum_{j,k}A^k_{ij}u_{j} \frac{\partial}{\partial z_{k}}, \] for \(1 \leq i \leq n\), where \(A^k_{ij}=\langle [X_{i}, X_{j}], Z_{k} \rangle\). For \(f \in W = \triangle C^{\infty}_{0}(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})\) let \[ R_{i}f = \chi_{i}\triangle^{-\frac{1}{2}}f, \quad i=1, \dots, n, \] be the Riesz transform of \(f\), where \(\triangle^{-\frac{1}{2}}\) is defined by the spectral theorem. Let \[ \mathcal{R}f=(R_{1}f , \dots, R_{n}f) \] and \[ |\mathcal{R}f(x)| = \bigg(\sum_{i=1}^n|R_{i}f(x)|^2\bigg)^{1/2}. \] Theorem. Let \(1 < p< \infty,\;\mathbb{H}_{n,m}\) be a group of Heisenberg type. There exists a constant \(C_{p}\) independent of \(n\) and \(m\), such that for every \(f \in L^p(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})\) (since \(W\) is dense in \(L^p(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})\)), \[ C_{p}^{-1}e^{-0.45m}\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})} \leq \|\;|\mathcal{R}f|\;\|_{L^p(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})} \leq C_{p}e^{0.45m}\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb{H}_{n,m})}. \]